| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
Departments of Medicine and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York 10032
Address all correspondence and requests for reprints to: Dr. Sharon L. Wardlaw, Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, 630 West 168th Street, New York, New York 10032. E-mail: sw22{at}columbia.edu.
Leptin, which plays a key role in regulating energy homeostasis, may also modulate the inflammatory response. An inflammatory challenge with endotoxin has been shown to stimulate leptin release in the rodent. This finding has not been reproduced in humans or in nonhuman primates, although leptin levels have been reported to increase in septic patients. We have therefore examined the effects of endotoxin injection on plasma leptin levels in nine ovariectomized monkeys and four postmenopausal women. In an initial study in five monkeys, mean leptin levels did not increase during the first 5 h after endotoxin treatment, but did increase significantly from 6.4 ± 2.1 ng/ml at baseline to 12.3 ± 4.4 ng/ml at 24 h (P = 0.043). In a second study, a significant increase in leptin over time was noted after endotoxin treatment (P < 0.001); leptin release during the 16- to 24-h period after endotoxin injection was 48% higher than during the control period (P = 0.043). A similar stimulatory effect of endotoxin on leptin was observed when monkeys received estradiol replacement. In a third study, repeated injections of endotoxin over a 3-d period stimulated IL-6, ACTH, cortisol, and leptin release (P < 0.001). Leptin increased during the first day of treatment in all animals, but only monkeys with baseline plasma leptin levels greater than 10 ng/ml exhibited a sustained increase in leptin throughout the 3-d period. There was a significant correlation (r = 0.81; P = 0.008) between the mean baseline leptin level and the percent increase in leptin over baseline on the last day of treatment. In the human subjects, plasma leptin concentrations did not change significantly during the 7-h period after endotoxin injection. However, leptin increased in all four women from a mean baseline of 8.34 ± 3.1 to 13.1 ± 4.3 ng/ml 24 h after endotoxin (P = 0.038). In summary, endotoxin stimulates the release of leptin into peripheral blood in the human and nonhuman primate, but the time course is different from that reported in the rodent. These results are consistent with previous reports of increased blood leptin levels in patients with sepsis. The significance of these findings and the potential role of leptin in modulating the response to inflammation in the human require further study.
This work was supported by NIH Grant MH-55708.
Abbreviations: AUC, Area under the hormone response curve; E2, estradiol; HPA, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal; SOCS, suppressor of cytokine signaling.
This article has been cited by other articles:
 |
|
 |
|
  S. S. Martin, A. Qasim, and M. P. Reilly Leptin Resistance: A Possible Interface of Inflammation and Metabolism in Obesity-Related Cardiovascular Disease J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., October 7, 2008; 52(15): 1201 - 1210. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 G. Matarese, C. Procaccini, and V. De Rosa The intricate interface between immune and metabolic regulation: a role for leptin in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis? J. Leukoc. Biol., October 1, 2008; 84(4): 893 - 899. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. A. Ballou, G. D. Cruz, W. Pittroff, D. H. Keisler, and E. J. DePeters Modifying the Acute Phase Response of Jersey Calves by Supplementing Milk Replacer with Omega-3 Fatty Acids from Fish Oil J Dairy Sci, September 1, 2008; 91(9): 3478 - 3487. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 G. Vila, C. Maier, M. Riedl, P. Nowotny, B. Ludvik, A. Luger, and M. Clodi Bacterial Endotoxin Induces Biphasic Changes in Plasma Ghrelin in Healthy Humans J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., October 1, 2007; 92(10): 3930 - 3934. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. D. Anderson, N. N. Mehta, M. L. Wolfe, C. C. Hinkle, L. Pruscino, L. L. Comiskey, J. Tabita-Martinez, K. F. Sellers, M. R. Rickels, R. S. Ahima, et al. Innate Immunity Modulates Adipokines in Humans J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., June 1, 2007; 92(6): 2272 - 2279. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. Schaffler, U. Muller-Ladner, J. Scholmerich, and C. Buchler Role of Adipose Tissue as an Inflammatory Organ in Human Diseases Endocr. Rev., August 1, 2006; 27(5): 449 - 467. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. L. Velez, E. Costamagna, E. T. Kimura, L. Fozzatti, C. G. Pellizas, M. M. Montesinos, A. M. Lucero, A. H. Coleoni, P. Santisteban, and A. M. Masini-Repiso Bacterial Lipopolysaccharide Stimulates the Thyrotropin-Dependent Thyroglobulin Gene Expression at the Transcriptional Level by Involving the Transcription Factors Thyroid Transcription Factor-1 and Paired Box Domain Transcription Factor 8 Endocrinology, July 1, 2006; 147(7): 3260 - 3275. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. R. Vulliemoz, E. Xiao, L. Xia-Zhang, M. Ferin, and S. L. Wardlaw Melanocortin Modulation of Inflammatory Cytokine and Neuroendocrine Responses to Endotoxin in the Monkey Endocrinology, April 1, 2006; 147(4): 1878 - 1883. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 T. E. Weber and M. E. Spurlock Leptin alters antibody isotype in the pig in vivo, but does not regulate cytokine expression or stimulate STAT3 signaling in peripheral blood monocytes in vitro J Anim Sci, June 1, 2004; 82(6): 1630 - 1640. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. Xiao, L. Xia-Zhang, N. R. Vulliemoz, M. Ferin, and S. L. Wardlaw Leptin Modulates Inflammatory Cytokine and Neuroendocrine Responses to Endotoxin in the Primate Endocrinology, October 1, 2003; 144(10): 4350 - 4353. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
| Endocrinology | Endocrine Reviews | J. Clin. End. & Metab. |
| Molecular Endocrinology | Recent Prog. Horm. Res. | All Endocrine Journals |
