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The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism Vol. 88, No. 3 1082-1088
Copyright © 2003 by The Endocrine Society

Intensive Insulin Therapy Exerts Antiinflammatory Effects in Critically Ill Patients and Counteracts the Adverse Effect of Low Mannose-Binding Lectin Levels

Troels Krarup Hansen, Steffen Thiel, Pieter Jozef Wouters, Jens Sandahl Christiansen and Greet Van den Berghe

Medical Department M (Endocrinology and Diabetes), Aarhus University Hospital (T.K.H., J.S.C.), and Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Aarhus (S.T.), DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark; and Department of Intensive Care Medicine, University of Leuven (P.J.W., G.V.d.B.), B-3000 Leuven, Belgium

Address all correspondence and requests for reprints to: Prof. Greet Van den Berghe, Department of Intensive Care Medicine, University of Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium. E-mail: greta.vandenberghe{at}med.kuleuven.ac.be.

Adverse outcome of critical illness is often caused by systemic inflammation and sepsis. A recent study showed that mortality is significantly reduced by maintenance of normoglycemia using intensive insulin therapy. We examined whether the beneficial effects of intensive insulin therapy involve modulations of mannose-binding lectin (MBL) and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels.

From a study of 1548 patients randomly assigned to either conventional treatment or intensive insulin therapy at an intensive care unit (ICU) we included all 451 patients who needed prolonged intensive care (>5 d). CRP and MBL concentrations were measured on admission, d 5, d 15, and the last day in the ICU.

In all patients, serum MBL concentrations increased with time in the ICU (P < 0.0001). This acute phase response was suppressed by intensive insulin therapy at all time points studied (P < 0.02). Selectively in patients receiving conventional therapy, MBL concentrations at baseline were almost 3 times higher in survivors than in nonsurvivors (P = 0.04). Baseline CRP concentrations were elevated, but decreased with time in ICU (P < 0.0001). The decrease in CRP was significantly more pronounced in the intensive insulin-treated patients compared with the conventionally treated patients (P <= 0.02) at all time points. Multivariate logistic regression analysis, corrected for all other determinants of outcome, revealed that the antiinflammatory action on CRP, but not on MBL, largely explained the beneficial effects of intensive insulin therapy on morbidity and mortality.

In conclusion, intensive insulin therapy exerts a powerful antiinflammatory effect during critical illness which at least partially explains improvement in morbidity and mortality. Possible adverse effects of low baseline MBL are overcome by intensive insulin therapy.

This work was supported by research grants from the Belgian Fund for Scientific Research (G. 0144.00 and G.3C05.95N, to G.V.d.B.), the Research Council of the University of Leuven (OT 99/32, to G.V.d.B.), the Belgian Foundation for Research in Congenital Heart Diseases (to G.V.d.B.), and the Danish Research Council (Grant 960082, to T.K.H.).

S.T. is a cofounder of NatImmune A/S, a biotech company producing recombinant MBL. The current research did not receive support from NatImmune.

J.S.C. is a recipient of an unrestrictive research grant from Novo Nordisk, Denmark.

G.V.d.B. is a holder of an unrestrictive research chair from Novo Nordisk, Denmark.

Abbreviations: CRP, C-reactive protein; ICU, intensive care unit; IQR, interquartile range; MBL, mannose-binding lectin.




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