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Differential Expression and Regulation of Microsomal Prostaglandin E₂ Synthase in Human Fetal Membranes and Placenta with Infection and in Cultured Trophoblast Cells

Canadian Institute of Health Research (M.P., W.L., N.A., J.R.G.C.), Departments of Physiology, Obstetrics, Gynecology and Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Physiology (A.D.B., K.C.), University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5B8; and Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology (W.G.), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1N 6N5

Address all correspondence and requests for reprints to: Marina Premyslova, Department of Physiology, Obstetrics, and Gynecology, Medical Science Building, University of Toronto, 1 King’s College Circle, Toronto Ontario, Canada M5S 1A8. E-mail: marina.premyslova{at}utoronto.ca.

We have evaluated the effect of chorioamnionitis on the protein expression of microsomal and cytosolic prostaglandin E₂ synthases (mPGES and cPGES) in preterm human placentae (PL) and fetal membranes (FM), by Western blot and immunohistochemistry, as well as the regulatory effect of IL-1ß and TNF- on mPGES, cPGES, and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 expression in villous trophoblast (VT) and chorion trophoblast (CT) cell cultures. mPGES localized to the syncytiotrophoblast and vascular endothelium in PL and to the amnion epithelium, CT, and decidual cells in FM. cPGES protein was localized only to the syncytiotrophoblast in PL and had the same profile of expression as mPGES in FM. With infection, there was an increase in mPGES expression in PL and a decrease in the expression in FM. cPGES protein did not change in either PL or FM with infection. In VT cells in culture, IL-1ß up-regulated COX-2 protein expression but did not affect mPGES. However, TNF- increased both mPGES and COX-2 protein expression in these cells. In CT cells in culture, IL-1ß and TNF- increased both mPGES and COX-2 protein levels. Neither IL-1ß nor TNF- affected cPGES in either VT or CT cells. We conclude that protein levels of mPGES, as well as COX-2, can be stimulated by cytokines, potentially contributing to the increased prostaglandin production at the time of infection-driven preterm labor. However, multiple mechanisms, which apparently are inductor- and cell-type-specific, exist for the regulation of these enzymes.

Abbreviations: COX, Cyclooxygenase; cPGES, cytosolic PGES; CT, chorion trophoblast; FM, fetal membrane(s); IHC, immunohistochemistry; PGDH, prostaglandin dehydrogenase; PGES, prostaglandin E₂ synthase; mPGES, microsomal PGES; PL, placenta(e); RT, room temperature; ST, syncytiotrophoblast; TBS, Tris-buffered saline; VE, vascular endothelium; VT, villous trophoblast.

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