help button home button Endocrine Society JCEM
HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS
This Article
Right arrow Full Text
Right arrow Full Text (PDF)
Right arrow Submit a related Letter to the Editor
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me when eLetters are posted
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Right arrow Citation Map
Services
Right arrow Email this article to a friend
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrow Request Copyright Permission
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via HighWire
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Purnell, J. Q.
Right arrow Articles by Cummings, D. E.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Purnell, J. Q.
Right arrow Articles by Cummings, D. E.
Right arrowPubmed/NCBI databases
*Gene*GEO Profiles
*HomoloGene*UniGene
*Compound via MeSH
*Substance via MeSH
Hazardous Substances DB
*HYDROCORTISONE
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism Vol. 88, No. 12 5747-5752
Copyright © 2003 by The Endocrine Society

Ghrelin Levels Correlate with Insulin Levels, Insulin Resistance, and High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol, But Not with Gender, Menopausal Status, or Cortisol Levels in Humans

Jonathan Q. Purnell, David S. Weigle, Patricia Breen and David E. Cummings

Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Clinical Nutrition (J.Q.P.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97201; and University of Washington (D.S.W., P.B., D.E.C.), Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System and Harborview Medical Center, Seattle, Washington 98108

Address all correspondence and requests for reprints to: Jonathan Q. Purnell, M.D., Oregon Health & Science University, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Clinical Nutrition, L607, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, Oregon 97201. E-mail: purnellj{at}ohsu.edu.

The gut peptide, ghrelin, may participate in the control of energy homeostasis and pituitary hormone secretion in humans, stimulating both food intake and, at pharmacological doses, ACTH and cortisol secretion. Meal consumption and weight loss regulate ghrelin levels, but less is known about the relationship of ghrelin to body composition, aging, menopausal status, and lipid metabolism. Therefore, 60 adult men and women of widely varying ages and weights were characterized in terms of body composition and levels of ghrelin, glucose, insulin, lipids, and cortisol. Fasting ghrelin levels correlated positively with age and negatively with BMI and fat cell size, but were not related to fat mass, intraabdominal fat, or lean mass. Fasting ghrelin levels correlated most strongly with insulin levels (r = -0.39; P = 0.002), insulin resistance as determined by the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (r = 0.38; P = 0.003), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (r = 0.33; P = 0.009). Meal-induced ghrelin suppression correlated with the postprandial rise in insulin (r = 0.39; P < 0.05). Ghrelin levels were similar in men and women and did not vary by menopausal status or in association with cortisol levels. Our data are consistent with the hypotheses that insulin may negatively regulate ghrelin and that high-density lipoprotein may be a carrier particle for circulating ghrelin.

This work was supported by National Institutes of Health (NIH) Grant K23 DK02689 (to J.Q.P.), NIH General Clinical Research Center Grants MO1RR00037 and M01RR00334, NIH Grants RO1 DK55460 and K24 DK02860 (to D.S.W.), a Burroughs Wellcome Fund Career Award and Andrew W. Mellon Foundation Grant 80-1519 (to D.E.C.), R01 DK 61516 (to D.E.C.), NIH P3ODK17047 (Diabetes Endocrine Research Center grant), and by the Medical Research Service of the Department of Veterans Affairs.

Abbreviations: AUC, Area under the curve; BMI, body mass index; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; HL, hepatic lipase; IAF, intra-abdominal fat; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; LPL, lipoprotein lipase; QUICKI, quantitative insulin sensitivity check index; SQF, sc fat.




This article has been cited by other articles:


Home page
 Eur J EndocrinolHome page
L. Pacifico, E. Poggiogalle, F. Costantino, C. Anania, F. Ferraro, F. Chiarelli, and C. Chiesa
Acylated and nonacylated ghrelin levels and their associations with insulin resistance in obese and normal weight children with metabolic syndrome
Eur. J. Endocrinol., December 1, 2009; 161(6): 861 - 870.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Ann Clin BiochemHome page
E Holmes, I Davies, G Lowe, and L R Ranganath
Circulating ghrelin exists in both lipoprotein bound and free forms
Ann Clin Biochem, November 1, 2009; 46(6): 514 - 516.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Rheumatology (Oxford)Home page
M. Al, L. Ng, P. Tyrrell, J. Bargman, T. Bradley, and E. Silverman
Adipokines as novel biomarkers in paediatric systemic lupus erythematosus
Rheumatology, May 1, 2009; 48(5): 497 - 501.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Eur J EndocrinolHome page
E Sondergaard, L C Gormsen, B Nellemann, E T Vestergaard, J S Christiansen, and S Nielsen
Visceral fat mass is a strong predictor of circulating ghrelin levels in premenopausal women
Eur. J. Endocrinol., March 1, 2009; 160(3): 375 - 379.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Acta Biochim Biophys SinHome page
X. Yin, Y. Li, G. Xu, W. An, and W. Zhang
Ghrelin fluctuation, what determines its production?
Acta Biochim Biophys Sin, March 1, 2009; 41(3): 188 - 197.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
R. C. Paulo, R. Brundage, M. Cosma, K. L. Mielke, C. Y. Bowers, and J. D. Veldhuis
Estrogen Elevates the Peak Overnight Production Rate of Acylated Ghrelin
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., November 1, 2008; 93(11): 4440 - 4447.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Eur J EndocrinolHome page
L. M Ritland, D L. Alekel, O. A Matvienko, K. B Hanson, J. W Stewart, L. N Hanson, M. B Reddy, M. D Van Loan, and U. Genschel
Centrally located body fat is related to appetitive hormones in healthy postmenopausal women.
Eur. J. Endocrinol., June 1, 2008; 158(6): 889 - 897.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Eur J EndocrinolHome page
U. Mager, M. Kolehmainen, V. D F de Mello, U. Schwab, D. E Laaksonen, R. Rauramaa, H. Gylling, M. Atalay, L. Pulkkinen, and M. Uusitupa
Expression of ghrelin gene in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and plasma ghrelin concentrations in patients with metabolic syndrome.
Eur. J. Endocrinol., April 1, 2008; 158(4): 499 - 510.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
R. Barazzoni, M. Zanetti, C. Ferreira, P. Vinci, A. Pirulli, M. Mucci, F. Dore, M. Fonda, B. Ciocchi, L. Cattin, et al.
Relationships between Desacylated and Acylated Ghrelin and Insulin Sensitivity in the Metabolic Syndrome
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., October 1, 2007; 92(10): 3935 - 3940.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Clin. Nutr.Home page
T. Ando, Y. Ichimaru, F. Konjiki, M. Shoji, and G. Komaki
Variations in the preproghrelin gene correlate with higher body mass index, fat mass, and body dissatisfaction in young Japanese women
Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, July 1, 2007; 86(1): 25 - 32.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 EndocrinologyHome page
C. De Vriese, M. Hacquebard, F. Gregoire, Y. Carpentier, and C. Delporte
Ghrelin Interacts with Human Plasma Lipoproteins
Endocrinology, May 1, 2007; 148(5): 2355 - 2362.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Hum Mol GenetHome page
A. Baessler, M. Fischer, B. Mayer, M. Koehler, S. Wiedmann, K. Stark, A. Doering, J. Erdmann, G. Riegger, H. Schunkert, et al.
Epistatic interaction between haplotypes of the ghrelin ligand and receptor genes influence susceptibility to myocardial infarction and coronary artery disease
Hum. Mol. Genet., April 15, 2007; 16(8): 887 - 899.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
W. H. Park, Y. J. Oh, G. Y. Kim, S. E. Kim, K.-H. Paik, S. J. Han, A. H. Kim, S. H. Chu, E. K. Kwon, S. W. Kim, et al.
Obestatin Is Not Elevated or Correlated with Insulin in Children with Prader-Willi Syndrome
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., January 1, 2007; 92(1): 229 - 234.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
H. J. Choi, Y. M. Cho, M. K. Moon, H. H. Choi, H. D. Shin, H. C. Jang, S. Y. Kim, H. K. Lee, and K. S. Park
Polymorphisms in the Ghrelin Gene Are Associated with Serum High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Level and not with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Koreans
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., November 1, 2006; 91(11): 4657 - 4663.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
P. Marzullo, A. Caumo, G. Savia, B. Verti, G. E. Walker, S. Maestrini, A. Tagliaferri, A. M. Di Blasio, and A. Liuzzi
Predictors of Postabsorptive Ghrelin Secretion after Intake of Different Macronutrients
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., October 1, 2006; 91(10): 4124 - 4130.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
S. S. Damjanovic, N. M. Lalic, P. M. Pesko, M. S. Petakov, A. Jotic, D. Miljic, K. S. Lalic, L. Lukic, M. Djurovic, and V. B. Djukic
Acute Effects of Ghrelin on Insulin Secretion and Glucose Disposal Rate in Gastrectomized Patients
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., July 1, 2006; 91(7): 2574 - 2581.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Diabetes CareHome page
C. Langenberg, J. Bergstrom, C. Scheidt-Nave, J. Pfeilschifter, and E. Barrett-Connor
Cardiovascular Death and the Metabolic Syndrome: Role of adiposity-signaling hormones and inflammatory markers.
Diabetes Care, June 1, 2006; 29(6): 1363 - 1369.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Nutr.Home page
S. Gruendel, A. L. Garcia, B. Otto, C. Mueller, J. Steiniger, M. O. Weickert, M. Speth, N. Katz, and C. Koebnick
Carob Pulp Preparation Rich in Insoluble Dietary Fiber and Polyphenols Enhances Lipid Oxidation and Lowers Postprandial Acylated Ghrelin in Humans
J. Nutr., June 1, 2006; 136(6): 1533 - 1538.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
K. H. Paik, Y. H. Choe, W. H. Park, Y. J. Oh, A. H. Kim, S. H. Chu, S. W. Kim, E. K. Kwon, S. J. Han, W. Y. Shon, et al.
Suppression of Acylated Ghrelin during Oral Glucose Tolerance Test Is Correlated with Whole-Body Insulin Sensitivity in Children with Prader-Willi Syndrome
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., May 1, 2006; 91(5): 1876 - 1881.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am J EpidemiolHome page
C. Langenberg, J. Bergstrom, G. A. Laughlin, and E. Barrett-Connor
Ghrelin, Adiponectin, and Leptin Do Not Predict Long-term Changes in Weight and Body Mass Index in Older Adults: Longitudinal Analysis of the Rancho Bernardo Cohort
Am. J. Epidemiol., December 15, 2005; 162(12): 1189 - 1197.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
C. Langenberg, J. Bergstrom, G. A. Laughlin, and E. Barrett-Connor
Ghrelin and the Metabolic Syndrome in Older Adults
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., December 1, 2005; 90(12): 6448 - 6453.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Eur J EndocrinolHome page
R. Giordano, A. Picu, U. Pagotto, R. De Iasio, L. Bonelli, F. Prodam, F. Broglio, L. Marafetti, R. Pasquali, M. Maccario, et al.
The negative association between total ghrelin levels, body mass and insulin secretion is lost in hypercortisolemic patients with Cushing's disease
Eur. J. Endocrinol., October 1, 2005; 153(4): 535 - 543.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Eur J EndocrinolHome page
E T Vestergaard, T K Hansen, S Nielsen, N Moller, J S Christiansen, and J O L Jorgensen
Effects of GH replacement therapy in adults on serum levels of leptin and ghrelin: the role of lipolysis
Eur. J. Endocrinol., October 1, 2005; 153(4): 545 - 549.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
L. J. Moran, N. D. Luscombe-Marsh, M. Noakes, G. A. Wittert, J. B. Keogh, and P. M. Clifton
The Satiating Effect of Dietary Protein Is Unrelated to Postprandial Ghrelin Secretion
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., September 1, 2005; 90(9): 5205 - 5211.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
M. Misra, K. K. Miller, K. Kuo, K. Griffin, V. Stewart, E. Hunter, D. B. Herzog, and A. Klibanski
Secretory dynamics of ghrelin in adolescent girls with anorexia nervosa and healthy adolescents
Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, August 1, 2005; 289(2): E347 - E356.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Eur J EndocrinolHome page
O. Gimenez-Palop, G. Gimenez-Perez, D. Mauricio, E. Berlanga, N. Potau, C. Vilardell, J. Arroyo, J.-M. Gonzalez-Clemente, and A. Caixas
Circulating ghrelin in thyroid dysfunction is related to insulin resistance and not to hunger, food intake or anthropometric changes
Eur. J. Endocrinol., July 1, 2005; 153(1): 73 - 79.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
A. P. Goldstone, M. Patterson, N. Kalingag, M. A. Ghatei, A. E. Brynes, S. R. Bloom, A. B. Grossman, and M. Korbonits
Fasting and Postprandial Hyperghrelinemia in Prader-Willi Syndrome Is Partially Explained by Hypoinsulinemia, and Is Not Due to Peptide YY3-36 Deficiency or Seen in Hypothalamic Obesity Due to Craniopharyngioma
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., May 1, 2005; 90(5): 2681 - 2690.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
E. Kellokoski, S. M. Poykko, A. H. Karjalainen, O. Ukkola, J. Heikkinen, Y. A. Kesaniemi, and S. Horkko
Estrogen Replacement Therapy Increases Plasma Ghrelin Levels
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., May 1, 2005; 90(5): 2954 - 2963.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
F. Bacha and S. A. Arslanian
Ghrelin Suppression in Overweight Children: A Manifestation of Insulin Resistance?
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., May 1, 2005; 90(5): 2725 - 2730.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 DiabetesHome page
J. Erdmann, F. Lippl, S. Wagenpfeil, and V. Schusdziarra
Differential Association of Basal and Postprandial Plasma Ghrelin With Leptin, Insulin, and Type 2 Diabetes
Diabetes, May 1, 2005; 54(5): 1371 - 1378.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
U. Espelund, T. K. Hansen, K. Hojlund, H. Beck-Nielsen, J. T. Clausen, B. S. Hansen, H. Orskov, J. O. L. Jorgensen, and J. Frystyk
Fasting Unmasks a Strong Inverse Association between Ghrelin and Cortisol in Serum: Studies in Obese and Normal-Weight Subjects
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., February 1, 2005; 90(2): 741 - 746.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Clin. Nutr.Home page
L. K Heilbronn, S. R Smith, C. K Martin, S. D Anton, and E. Ravussin
Alternate-day fasting in nonobese subjects: effects on body weight, body composition, and energy metabolism
Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, January 1, 2005; 81(1): 69 - 73.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
L. Ghizzoni, G. Mastorakos, A. Vottero, M. Ziveri, I. Ilias, and S. Bernasconi
Spontaneous Growth Hormone (GH) Secretion Is Not Directly Affected by Ghrelin in Either Short Normal Prepubertal Children or Children with GH Neurosecretory Dysfunction
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., November 1, 2004; 89(11): 5488 - 5495.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
P. C. Ng, C. H. Lee, C. W. K. Lam, E. Wong, I. H. S. Chan, and T. F. Fok
Plasma Ghrelin and Resistin Concentrations Are Suppressed in Infants of Insulin-Dependent Diabetic Mothers
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., November 1, 2004; 89(11): 5563 - 5568.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
F. Conus, D. B. Allison, R. Rabasa-Lhoret, M. St-Onge, D. H. St-Pierre, A. Tremblay-Lebeau, and E. T. Poehlman
Metabolic and Behavioral Characteristics of Metabolically Obese but Normal-Weight Women
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., October 1, 2004; 89(10): 5013 - 5020.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
G. Marchesini, G. Bianchi, P. Lucidi, N. Villanova, M. Zoli, and P. De Feo
Plasma Ghrelin Concentrations, Food Intake, and Anorexia in Liver Failure
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., May 1, 2004; 89(5): 2136 - 2141.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS
Endocrinology Endocrine Reviews J. Clin. End. & Metab.
Molecular Endocrinology Recent Prog. Horm. Res. All Endocrine Journals
Copyright © 2003 by The Endocrine Society