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Effects of Hypo- and Hyperthyroidism on Noradrenergic Activity and Glycerol Concentrations in Human Subcutaneous Abdominal Adipose Tissue Assessed with Microdialysis

Third Department of Medicine (M.H., S.S.), First Faculty of Medicine; Nuclear Medicine Department (P.R., P.V.), Second Faculty of Medicine; and Outpatient Endocrine Clinic (M.T.), Prague, Czech Republic; Institute of Endocrinology (J.N., V.B., I.D.), Prague, Czech Republic 11694; Pediatric and Reproductive Endocrinology Branch (S.A., K.P.), National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892 20892-1583; and Clinical Neuroendocrinology Branch (S.A.), National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892

Address all correspondence and requests for reprints to: Karel Pacak, M.D., Ph.D., DSc Chief, Unit on Clinical Neuroendocrinology, Building 10, Room 9D42, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, MSC-1583, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1583. E-mail: karel{at}mail.nih.gov.

Thyroid hormones play a major role in lipid metabolism. However, whether they directly affect lipolysis locally in the adipose tissue remains unknown. Therefore, we measured abdominal sc adipose tissue norepinephrine (NE), basal, and isoprenaline-stimulated lipolysis in 12 hypothyroid patients (HYPO), six hyperthyroid patients (HYPER), and 12 healthy controls by in vivo microdialysis.

Adipose tissue NE was decreased in HYPO and increased in HYPER compared with controls (90.4 ± 2.9 and 458.0 ± 69.1 vs. 294.9 ± 19.5 pmol/liter, P < 0.01). Similarly, basal lipolysis, assessed by glycerol assay, was lower in HYPO and higher in HYPER than in controls (88.2 ± 9.9 and 566.0 ± 42.0 vs. 214.3 ± 5.1 µmol/liter P < 0.01). The relative magnitude of isoprenaline-induced glycerol increase was smaller in HYPO (39 ± 19.4%, P < 0.05 vs. basal) and higher in HYPER (277 ± 30.4%, P < 0.01) than in controls (117 ± 5.6%, P < 0.01). The corresponding changes in NE after isoprenaline stimulation were as follows: 120 ± 9.2% (P < 0.05), 503 ± 113% (P < 0.01), and 267 ± 17.2 (P < 0.01).

In summary, by affecting local NE levels and adrenergic postreceptor signaling, thyroid hormones may influence the lipolysis rate in the abdominal sc adipose tissue.

The study was supported by a grant agency of the Czech Republic, GACR, no. 303/00/1555.

Abbreviations: BMI, Body mass index; fT₃ and fT₄, serum free T₃ and T₄; HYPER, hyperthyroid; HYPO, hypothyroid; NE, norepinephrine; TT₃ and TT₄, total T₃ and T₄; TH, thyroid hormone.

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