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Endocrine Activities of Cortistatin-14 and Its Interaction with GHRH and Ghrelin in Humans

Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Departments of Internal Medicine (F.B., E.A., A.B., C.G., F.P., S.G., E.G.), Biomedical Sciences and Oncology (M.P.), and Anatomy, Pharmacology, and Forensic Medicine (G.M.), University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine (A.J.v.d.L.), Erasmus University of Rotterdam, 3015 The Netherlands; and Europeptides (R.D.), 95100 Argenteuil, France

Address all correspondence and requests for reprints to: E. Ghigo, M.D., Divisione di Endocrinologia e Malattie del Metabolismo, Dipartimento di Medicina Interna, Ospedale Molinette, c.so Dogliotti 14, 10126 Torino, Italy. E-mail: . ezio.ghigo{at}unito.it

Abstract

Cortistatin (CST)-14, a neuropeptide with high homology with somatostatin (SS)-14, binds all sst subtypes but, unlike SS, also ghrelin’s receptor. In six normal adults, we studied the effects of CST-14 or SS-14 administration (2.0 µg/kg/h iv) on: 1) GH and insulin secretion; 2) the GH response to GHRH (1.0 µg/kg iv); and 3) the GH, prolactin (PRL), ACTH, cortisol, insulin, and glucose responses to ghrelin (1.0 µg/kg iv). CST-14 inhibited GH and insulin secretion (P < 0.01) to the same extent of SS-14. The GH response to GHRH was similarly inhibited (P < 0.01) by either CST-14 or SS-14. Ghrelin released more GH than GHRH (P < 0.01); these responses were similarly inhibited (P < 0.05) by either CST-14 or SS-14, that made ghrelin-induced GH rise similar to that after GHRH alone. Neither CST-14 nor SS-14 modified PRL, ACTH, or cortisol responses to ghrelin. The inhibitory effect of CST-14 and SS-14 on insulin was unaffected by ghrelin that, in turn, reduced insulin secretion per se (P < 0.01). Ghrelin increased glucose levels (P < 0.05); CST-14 and SS-14 did not modify this effect. Thus, CST-14 inhibits both basal and stimulated GH secretion in humans to the same extent of SS-14. The GH-releasing activity of ghrelin seems partially resistant to CST-14 as well as SS-14. CST-14 and SS-14 do not affect PRL and ACTH secretion but, like ghrelin, inhibit insulin secretion; the ghrelin-induced inhibition is not additive with that of CST-14 or SS-14, suggesting a common mechanism of action on ß cell secretion.

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