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The Impact of the Human Genome on Endocrinology: Original Articles |
Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics (H.W., Y.W., S.M., B.B., M.L.P.), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305; and Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics (H.W.), Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Tongji Medical School Union Hospital, Wuhan 430022, China
Address all correspondence and requests for reprints to: Hongbo Wang, M.D., Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Polan Laboratory, 300 Pasteur Drive, Room HH333, Stanford, California 94305-5317. E-mail: . hongbo99{at}leland.stanford.edu
Abstract
Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) and cyclooxygenase (COX) are two key enzymes in PG synthesis; the latter has two forms, COX-1 and COX-2. mRNA was extracted from single preimplantation embryos and examined for PLA2, COX-1, and COX-2 gene expression by RT-PCR to investigate whether PLA2 and COX genes are expressed in human preimplantation conceptuses from zygote to blastocyst stage and to compare COX-1 and COX-2 gene expression within the same stage of embryonic development. Expression of PLA2, COX-1, and COX-2 was detected in 48, 37, and 45%, respectively, of total embryos examined. COX-1 was expressed in approximately 66% of early human preimplantation embryos from zygote to two-cell stage, whereas COX-2 was expressed in about 58% of later stage embryos from eight-cell to blastocyst stage (P < 0.05). Furthermore, COX-2 mRNA and protein were localized to trophectoderm in blastocyst stage embryos. In conclusion, PLA2, COX-1, and COX-2 are expressed during early human embryonic development and may contribute to the production of PGs such as PGE2 in human embryogenesis. COX-1 and COX-2 are differentially expressed, with COX-2 being primarily expressed by trophectoderm in late-stage human preimplantation embryos, which may promote embryonic differentiation and implantation.
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