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Circulating IGF-I Levels in Childhood Are Related to Both Current Body Composition and Early Postnatal Growth Rate

Department of Pediatrics (K.O., D.D.), University of Cambridge, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, United Kingdom; Universitätskinderklinik und Poliklinik (J.K., W.K.), University of Leipzig, Leipzig, 04317 Germany; and Unit of Pediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology (ALSPAC Study Team), University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TQ, United Kingdom

Address all correspondence and requests for reprints to: Prof. David B Dunger, Department of Pediatrics, Level 8 Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Box 116, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, United Kingdom. E-mail: . dbd25{at}cam.ac.uk

Abstract

Rapid infancy growth predicts childhood obesity and earlier rate of maturation. We examined whether early growth rates might also influence levels of hormones relating to growth and weight gain by measuring IGF-I, IGF-II, and leptin levels in 497 normal 5-yr-old children who were followed closely from birth. IGF-I levels at 5 yr were unrelated to cord blood IGF-I levels at birth (r = 0.03; P = 0.7; n = 166) but were positively related to current weight (r = 0.32; P < 0.0005) and height (r = 0.30; P < 0.0005) and inversely related to birthweight (r = -0.21; P < 0.0005). By body composition, IGF-I levels correlated more closely with fat-free mass (r = 0.22; P < 0.0005) than with fat mass (r = 0.12; P < 0.05), whereas leptin (r = 0.57; P < 0.0005) and IGF-II levels (r = 0.15; P < 0.005) correlated more closely with fat mass. Independent of current body composition, IGF-I levels at 5 yr were significantly associated with rate of weight gain between 0–2 yr (ß = 0.19; P < 0.0005), and children who showed postnatal catch-up growth (i.e. those who showed gains in weight or length between 0–2 yr by >0.67 SD score) had higher IGF-I levels than other children (P = 0.02). IGF-II levels at 5 yr were positively related to IGF-II levels at birth (r = 0.17; P = 0.03; n = 166), and leptin levels at 5 yr were mainly related to current adiposity. Circulating IGF-I levels in childhood are influenced by infancy growth rates and possibly mediate the effects of early postnatal nutrition on later rates of growth and maturation.

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