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The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism Vol. 87, No. 11 5290-5296
Copyright © 2002 by The Endocrine Society

Original Article

Characterization of Human Chorionic Gonadotropin as a Novel Angiogenic Factor

Marek Zygmunt, Friederike Herr, Stefanie Keller-Schoenwetter, Karin Kunzi-Rapp, Karsten Münstedt, C. V. Rao, Uwe Lang and Klaus T. Preissner

Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology (M.Z., F.H., S.K.-S., K.M., U.L.) and Biochemistry (K.T.P.), Justus Liebig University, D-35385 Giessen, Germany; Institute for Lasertechnologies, University of Ulm (K.K.-R.), D-89081 Ulm, Germany; and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Louisville (C.V.R.), Louisville, Kentucky 40292

Address all correspondence and requests for reprints to: Dr. Marek Zygmunt, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Justus Liebig University, Klinikstrasse 32, D-35385 Giessen, Germany. E-mail: marek.t. zygmunt{at}gyn.med.uni-giessen.de.

Abstract

Angiogenesis and vascular remodeling are crucial processes in tumor invasion and metastasis as well as in embryo implantation and normal development of the placenta. We have previously shown that hCG expressed in trophoblast and various malignant tumors promotes cellular motility and that uterine endothelium expresses hCG/LH receptor in vivo. In this study hCG was proposed to promote angiogenesis. A three-dimensional in vitro angiogenesis system consisting of uterine microvascular endothelial cells seeded on microcarriers and entrapped in a fibrin matrix was used to study the influence of hCG on neovascularization. Physiological concentrations of hCG (5–50,000 mU/ml) significantly increased in vitro capillary formation (up to 2.5-fold) and migration of endothelial cells in a Boyden chamber assay (up to 3.6-fold) in a dose-dependent manner, whereas hCG had no effect on cell proliferation. In vivo, hCG induced neovascularization in the chicken chorioallantoic membrane assay comparable to the activity of vascular endothelial growth factor. hCG-secreting tumors (choriocarcinoma, endometrium, and ovarian carcinoma) promoted in vitro neovascularization (up to 3-fold), whereas hCG-neutralizing antibody, pertussis toxin (G protein inhibitor), or GRGDTP peptide (integrin antagonist), respectively, abolished both tumor- and hCG-induced capillary sprout formation. Our data indicate a novel function for hCG in uterine adaptation to early pregnancy as well as in tumor development and underline the importance of hCG as an as yet unrecognized angiogenic factor.




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