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Original Article |
Laboratory of Personality and Cognition (S.D.M., A.B.Z., S.M.R.) and Laboratory of Clinical Investigation (E.J.M., S.M.H.), National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Gerontology Research Center, Baltimore Maryland 21224; and Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine, National Institutes of Health (M.R.B.), Bethesda, Maryland 20892
Address all correspondence and requests for reprints to: Susan M. Resnick, Ph.D., National Institute on Aging, Gerontology Research Center, 5600 Nathan Shock Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224. E-mail: resnick{at}lpc.grc.nia.nih.gov.
Abstract
Circulating testosterone (T) levels have behavioral and neurological effects in both human and nonhuman species. Both T concentrations and neuropsychological function decrease substantially with age in men. The purpose of this prospective, longitudinal study was to investigate the relationships between age-associated decreases in endogenous serum T and free T concentrations and declines in neuropsychological performance. Participants were volunteers from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging, aged 50–91 yr at baseline T assessment. Four hundred seven men were followed for an average of 10 yr, with assessments of multiple cognitive domains and contemporaneous determination of serum total T, SHBG, and a free T index (FTI). We administered neuropsychological tests of verbal and visual memory, mental status, visuomotor scanning and attention, verbal knowledge/language, visuospatial ability, and depressive symptomatology. Higher FTI was associated with better scores on visual and verbal memory, visuospatial functioning, and visuomotor scanning and a reduced rate of longitudinal decline in visual memory. Men classified as hypogonadal had significantly lower scores on measures of memory and visuospatial performance and a faster rate of decline in visual memory. No relations between total T or the FTI and measures of verbal knowledge, mental status, or depressive symptoms were observed. These results suggest a possible beneficial relationship between circulating free T concentrations and specific domains of cognitive performance in older men.
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