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The Effect of Micronized Estradiol on Bone Turnover and Calciotropic Hormones in Older Men Receiving Hormonal Suppression Therapy for Prostate Cancer

Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism (P.T., L.G.R.) and Center on Aging (P.T.), Departments of Surgery (P.C.A.) and Radiation Oncology (R.D.D.), General Clinical Research Center (P.M.F., M.T., J.Z., C.O., L.G.R.), University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut 06030-1317

Address all correspondence and requests for reprints to: Pamela Taxel, M.D., University of Connecticut Health Center, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, Connecticut 06030-1317. E-mail: taxel{at}nso.uchc.edu.

Abstract

To examine the effect of estradiol (E₂) without the confounding effect of hypothalamic-pituitary feedback, we studied men with prostate cancer in whom gonadotropin secretion was suppressed by LH-releasing hormone agonists (LHRH-A). Fourteen men over 65 yr of age and receiving established LHRH-A treatment (EST group) without bony metastases and 12 men who received LHRH-A as neoadjuvant therapy for locally advanced prostate cancer (NEO group) were randomized (double blind) to receive either 1 mg/d micronized E₂ (n = 12) or placebo (PL; n = 13) for 9 wk. E₂, estrone, testosterone, SHBG, PTH, and 25-hydroxy- and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D levels as well as markers of bone resorption [N- and C-telopeptide cross-links (NTX and CTX) and deoxypyridinoline] and bone formation (bone-specific alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, and N-terminal type I collagen) were measured before LHRH-A in the NEO group, before [baseline (BL)] and after 9 wk of E₂ or PL in all patients, and 6 wk after E₂ treatment in the EST group. In the NEO group, hormone levels fell 3 wk after the initial LHRH-A injection, and deoxypyridinoline increased significantly (P = 0.006). At BL, the EST group had higher bone turnover due to the longer duration of LHRH-A treatment. With E₂ treatment, E₂ levels rose into the normal male range, and two resorption markers decreased significantly from BL by 33% for NTX (P < 0.001) and 28% for CTX (P = 0.009). Bone formation markers did not change. PTH increased by 43% from BL (P < 0.01) in the E₂ group and decreased 16% from BL in the PL group (P < 0.01). Ionized calcium did not change in the E₂ group, but increased in the PL group by 2.3% (P < 0.01). NTX and CTX increased 6 wk after E₂ withdrawal in the EST group. We conclude that E₂ inhibits bone resorption in hypogonadal men through a direct skeletal effect that is independent of PTH. Low dose estrogen may be an option for the prevention and/or treatment of bone loss in this population.

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