This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) Submit a related Letter to the Editor Alert me when this article is cited Alert me when eLetters are posted Alert me if a correction is posted Citation Map Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Request Copyright Permission Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Aust, G. Articles by Simchen, C. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Aust, G. Articles by Simchen, C.

Reduced Expression of Stromal-Derived Factor 1 in Autonomous Thyroid Adenomas and Its Regulation in Thyroid-Derived Cells¹

Institute of Anatomy (G.A., S.K., C.S.), Department of Surgery (M.S.), and Institute of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine (M.K.), University of Leipzig, Leipzig 04103, Germany

Address all correspondence and requests for reprints to: Dr. G. Aust, University of Leipzig, Institute of Anatomy, Liebigstrasse 13, Leipzig, 04103. E-mail: ausg{at}medizin.uni-leipzig.de

Abstract

Stromal-derived factor 1 (SDF-1) and CXCR4 comprise a unique chemokine/chemokine receptor pair, exhibiting important functions in morphogenesis and growth regulation as well as attractant properties on T lymphocytes. No data are available on SDF-1 and CXCR4 in normal or pathological thyroid tissues.

SDF-1, CXCR4, and CD18 messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) as a marker of leukocytic infiltration were quantified in tissues affected by thyroid adenoma (n = 11) and Graves’ disease (GD; n = 16) using competitive RT-PCR. SDF-1 mRNA levels differed significantly between autonomous adenomas and the corresponding normal tissue, but not in GD between patients with low or high leukocyte infiltration, thyroid peroxidase, and TSH receptor autoantibodies, respectively. We found a strong correlation between CXCR4 and CD18 mRNA, which indicates CXCR4 expression by leukocytes.

To define the cellular source of SDF-1 and CXCR4 in thyroid tissue, we examined various thyroid-derived cells. Fibroblasts are the most potent producers of SDF-1, although thyrocytes also secrete SDF-1 in vitro. Leukocytes showed very weak SDF-1 mRNA levels and no secretion of the chemokine. Immunohistology confirmed and extended these results; SDF-1 expression was found in fibroblasts, but not or very weakly in CD45⁺ leukocytes and thyrocytes. Only leukocytes were CXCR4⁺. As examined by flow cytometry, the number of CD3⁺ T cells expressing CXCR4 is significantly higher in the thyroid than in peripheral blood.

SDF-1 seems to be involved in thyroid tissue homeostasis in thyroid adenoma, but not in the maintenance of lymphocytic infiltration in GD.

This article has been cited by other articles:

				A. Ottaiano, R. Franco, A. Aiello Talamanca, G. Liguori, F. Tatangelo, P. Delrio, G. Nasti, E. Barletta, G. Facchini, B. Daniele, et al. Overexpression of Both CXC Chemokine Receptor 4 and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Proteins Predicts Early Distant Relapse in Stage II-III Colorectal Cancer Patients. Clin. Cancer Res., May 1, 2006; 12(9): 2795 - 2803. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. G. Narducci, E. Scala, A. Bresin, E. Caprini, M. C. Picchio, D. Remotti, G. Ragone, F. Nasorri, M. Frontani, D. Arcelli, et al. Skin homing of Sezary cells involves SDF-1-CXCR4 signaling and down-regulation of CD26/dipeptidylpeptidase IV Blood, February 1, 2006; 107(3): 1108 - 1115. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				G Aust, K Krohn, N G Morgenthaler, S Schroder, A Schutz, J Edelmann, and E Brylla Graves' disease and Hashimoto's thyroiditis in monozygotic twins: case study as well as transcriptomic and immunohistological analysis of thyroid tissues Eur. J. Endocrinol., January 1, 2006; 154(1): 13 - 20. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				G Aust, M Kamprad, P Lamesch, and E Schmucking CXCR6 within T-helper (Th) and T-cytotoxic (Tc) type 1 lymphocytes in Graves' disease (GD) Eur. J. Endocrinol., April 1, 2005; 152(4): 635 - 643. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. Scala, A. Ottaiano, P. A. Ascierto, M. Cavalli, E. Simeone, P. Giuliano, M. Napolitano, R. Franco, G. Botti, and G. Castello Expression of CXCR4 Predicts Poor Prognosis in Patients with Malignant Melanoma Clin. Cancer Res., March 1, 2005; 11(5): 1835 - 1841. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. P. Martin, E. C. Coronel, G.-i. Sano, S.-C. Chen, G. Vassileva, C. Canasto-Chibuque, J. D. Sedgwick, P. S. Frenette, M. Lipp, G. C. Furtado, et al. A Novel Model for Lymphocytic Infiltration of the Thyroid Gland Generated by Transgenic Expression of the CC Chemokine CCL21 J. Immunol., October 15, 2004; 173(8): 4791 - 4798. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				T. Nagashima, D. G. Silva, N. Petrovsky, L. A. Socha, H. Suzuki, R. Saito, T. Kasukawa, I. V. Kurochkin, A. Konagaya, and C. Schonbach Inferring Higher Functional Information for RIKEN Mouse Full-Length cDNA Clones With FACTS Genome Res., June 1, 2003; 13(6): 1520 - 1533. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. H. Hwang, J. H. Hwang, H. K. Chung, D. W. Kim, E. S. Hwang, J. M. Suh, H. Kim, K.-H. You, O-Y. Kwon, H. K. Ro, et al. CXC Chemokine Receptor 4 Expression and Function in Human Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer Cells J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., January 1, 2003; 88(1): 408 - 416. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				P. Romagnani, M. Rotondi, E. Lazzeri, L. Lasagni, M. Francalanci, A. Buonamano, S. Milani, P. Vitti, L. Chiovato, M. Tonacchera, et al. Expression of IP-10/CXCL10 and MIG/CXCL9 in the Thyroid and Increased Levels of IP-10/CXCL10 in the Serum of Patients with Recent-Onset Graves' Disease Am. J. Pathol., July 1, 2002; 161(1): 195 - 206. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. S. Taichman, C. Cooper, E. T. Keller, K. J. Pienta, N. S. Taichman, and L. K. McCauley Use of the Stromal Cell-derived Factor-1/CXCR4 Pathway in Prostate Cancer Metastasis to Bone Cancer Res., March 1, 2002; 62(6): 1832 - 1837. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]