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The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism Vol. 86, No. 4 1823-1834
Copyright © 2001 by The Endocrine Society

Original Studies

Angiogenic Growth Factor Messenger Ribonucleic Acids in Uterine Natural Killer Cells1

Xiao Feng Li, D. Stephen Charnock-Jones, Eko Zhang, Susan Hiby, Shazia Malik, Kate Day, Diane Licence, J. Mark Bowen, Lucy Gardner, Ashley King2, Yung Wai Loke and Stephen K. Smith

Reproductive Molecular Research Group (X.F.L., D.S.C.-J., E.Z., S.M., K.D., D.L., S.K.S.), Research Group in Human Reproductive Immunobiology (S.H., J.M.B., L.G., A.K., Y.W.L.), and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rosie Hospital (X.F.L., D.S.C.-J., E.Z., S.M., K.D., D.L., S.K.S.), Cambridge, United Kingdom CB2 2SW; and Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge (S.H., J.M.B., L.G., A.K., Y.W.L.), Cambridge, United Kingdom CB2 1QJ

Address all correspondence and requests for reprints to: Prof. S. K. Smith, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Rosie Hospital, Robinson Way, Cambridge, United Kingdom CB2 2SW. E-mail: sks1000{at}cam.ac.uk

Angiogenesis is essential for endometrial growth and repair, and disruption of this process may lead to common disorders of women, including menorrhagia and endometriosis. In pregnancy, failure of the endometrial spiral arterioles to undergo remodeling leads to preeclampsia. Here we report that in addition to vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A), human endometrium expresses messenger ribonucleic acids (mRNAs) encoding VEGF-C, placenta growth factor (PlGF), the angiopoietins, angiopoietin 1 (Ang1) and Ang2, and the receptors VEGFR-3 (Flt-4), Tie 1, and Tie 2. Levels of VEGF-C, PlGF, and Tie 2 changed during the menstrual cycle. Intense hybridization for VEGF-C and PlGF mRNAs was found in uterine nature killer cells in secretory phase endometrium and for Ang2 mRNA in the same cells in the late secretory phase. Interleukin-2 (IL-2) and IL-15 up-regulated VEGF-C, but not PlGF or Ang2, mRNA levels in isolated NK cells. Conditioned medium from decidual NK cells did not induce human umbilical vein endothelial cell apoptosis. These results indicate that human endometrium expresses a wide range of angiogenic growth factors and that uterine nature killer cells may play an important role in the abnormal endometrial angiogenesis that underlies a range of disorders affecting women.




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