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Somatic Mutation and Germline Variants of MINPP1, a Phosphatase Gene Located in Proximity to PTEN on 10q23.3, in Follicular Thyroid Carcinomas¹

Clinical Cancer Genetics and Human Cancer Genetics Programs (O.G., P.L.M.D., C.E.), Comprehensive Cancer Center, and Division of Human Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine (C.E.), The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210; Department of Orthopedics, University of Rochester Medical School (H.C., P.R.R.), Rochester, New York 14642; Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School (P.L.M.D.), Boston, Massachusetts 02115; Department of Pathology, University of Zürich (A.P., P.K.), CH 8091 Zürich, Switzerland; Institute of Pathology (R.H.) and Department of General Surgery (H.D.), Martin-Luther-University of Halle-Wittenberg, 06097 Halle/Saale, Germany; and Cancer Research Campaign Human Cancer Genetics Research Group, University of Cambridge (C.E.), Cambridge CB2 2QQ, United Kingdom

Address all correspondence and requests for reprints to: Charis Eng, M.D., Ph.D., Human Cancer Genetics Program, The Ohio State University, 420 West 12th Avenue, Room 690C TMRF, Columbus, Ohio 43210. E-mail: eng-1{at}medctr.osu.edu

Various genes have been identified to play a role in the pathogenesis of follicular thyroid tumors. Cowden syndrome is the only known familial syndrome with an increased risk of both follicular thyroid adenoma (FA) and carcinoma (FTC). Germline mutations in the tumor suppressor gene PTEN, which encodes a dual-specificity phosphatase, have been found in up to 80% of patients with Cowden syndrome suggesting a role of PTEN in the pathogenesis of follicular thyroid tumors. Although somatic intragenic mutations in PTEN, which maps to 10q23.3, are rarely found in follicular tumors, loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of markers within 10q22–24 occurs in about 25%. Recently, another phosphatase gene, MINPP1, has been localized to 10q23.3. MINPP1 has the ability to remove 3-phosphate from inositol phosphate substrates, a function that overlaps that of PTEN. Because of this overlapping function with PTEN and the physical location of MINPP1 to a region with frequent LOH in follicular thyroid tumors, we considered it to be an excellent candidate gene that could contribute to the pathogenesis of follicular thyroid tumors. We analyzed DNA from tumor and corresponding normal tissue from 23 patients with FA and 15 patients with FTC for LOH and mutations at the MINPP1 locus. LOH was identified in four malignant and three benign tumors. One of these FTCs with LOH was found to harbor a somatic c.122C > T or S41L mutation. We also found two germline sequence variants, c.809A > G (Q270R) and IVS3 + 34T > A. The c.809A > G variant was found in only one patient with FA but not in patients with FTC or normal controls. More interestingly, IVS3 + 34T > A was found in about 15% of FA cases and normal controls but not in patients with FTC. These results suggest a role for MINPP1 in the pathogenesis of at least a subset of malignant follicular thyroid tumors, and MINPP1 might act as a low penetrance predisposition allele for FTC.

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