help button home button Endocrine Society JCEM
HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS
This Article
Right arrow Full Text
Right arrow Full Text (PDF)
Right arrow Submit a related Letter to the Editor
Right arrow Purchase Article
Right arrow View Shopping Cart
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me when eLetters are posted
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Right arrow Citation Map
Services
Right arrow Email this article to a friend
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrow Request Copyright Permission
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via HighWire
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Korbonits, M.
Right arrow Articles by Grossman, A. B.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Korbonits, M.
Right arrow Articles by Grossman, A. B.
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism Vol. 86, No. 2 881-887
Copyright © 2001 by The Endocrine Society

Original Studies

The Expression of the Growth Hormone Secretagogue Receptor Ligand Ghrelin in Normal and Abnormal Human Pituitary and Other Neuroendocrine Tumors1

Márta Korbonits, Stephen A. Bustin, Masayasu Kojima, Suzanne Jordan, Eric F. Adams, David G. Lowe, Kenji Kangawa and Ashley B. Grossman

Department of Endocrinology (M.K., A.B.G.), Academic Department of Surgery (S.A.B.), and Department of Histopathology (S.J., D.G.L.), St. Bartholomew’s and the Royal London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, United Kingdom EC1A 7BE; Department of Biochemistry, National Cardiovascular Center Institute (M.K., K.K.), Suita, Osaka 565-8565, Japan; and Pharmaceutical Sciences Institute (E.F.A.), Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, United Kingdom

Address all correspondence and requests for reprints to: Ashley Grossman, M.D., Department of Endocrinology, St. Bartholomew’s Hospital, West Smithfield, London, United Kingdom EC1A 7BE. E-mail: a.b.grossmann{at}mds.qmw.ac.uk

Ghrelin is a recently identified endogenous ligand of the GH secretagogue (GHS) receptor. It was originally isolated from the stomach, but has also been shown to be present in the rat hypothalamus. It is a 28-amino acid peptide with an unusual octanoylated serine 3 at the N-terminal end of the molecule, which is crucial for its biological activity. Synthetic GHSs stimulate GH release via both the hypothalamus and the pituitary, and the GHS receptor (GHS-R) has been shown by us and others to be present in the pituitary. We investigated whether ghrelin messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) and peptide are present in the normal human hypothalamus and in normal and adenomatous human pituitary.

RNA was extracted from pituitary tissue removed at autopsy and transsphenoidal surgery (n = 62), and ghrelin and GHS-R type 1a and 1b mRNA levels were investigated using real-time RT-PCR. Both ghrelin and GHS-R mRNA were detected in all samples. Corticotroph tumors showed significantly less expression of ghrelin mRNA, whereas GHS-R mRNA levels were similar to those in normal pituitary tissue. Gonadotroph tumors showed a particularly low level of expression of GHS-R mRNA. Immunohistochemistry, using a polyclonal antibody against the C-terminal end of the ghrelin molecule, revealed positive staining in the homolog of the arcuate nucleus in the human hypothalamus and in both normal and abnormal human pituitary. Pituitary tumor ghrelin peptide content was demonstrated using two separate RIA reactions for the N-terminal and C-terminal ends of the molecule. Both forms were present in normal and abnormal pituitaries, with 5 ± 2.5% octanoylated (active) ghrelin (mean ± SD) present as a percentage of the total. We suggest that the presence of ghrelin mRNA and peptide in the pituitary implies that the locally synthesized hormone may have an autocrine/paracrine modulatory effect on pituitary hormone release.




This article has been cited by other articles:


Home page
 J. Histochem. Cytochem.Home page
M. Gronberg, A. V. Tsolakis, L. Magnusson, E. T. Janson, and J. Saras
Distribution of Obestatin and Ghrelin in Human Tissues: Immunoreactive Cells in the Gastrointestinal Tract, Pancreas, and Mammary Glands
J. Histochem. Cytochem., September 1, 2008; 56(9): 793 - 801.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Eur J EndocrinolHome page
M. C. Machado, S. Valeria de Sa, M. L. Correa-Giannella, R. R. Giorgi, M. A. A. Pereira, V. A. S Cescato, D. Giannella-Neto, and L. R. Salgado
Association between tumoral GH-releasing peptide receptor type 1a mRNA expression and in vivo response to GH-releasing peptide-6 in ACTH-dependent Cushing's syndrome patients
Eur. J. Endocrinol., May 1, 2008; 158(5): 605 - 613.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
A. Garg
The Ongoing Saga of Obestatin: Is It a Hormone?
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., September 1, 2007; 92(9): 3396 - 3398.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Clin. Pathol.Home page
M. Mottershead, E. Karteris, J. Y Barclay, S. Suortamo, M. Newbold, H. Randeva, and C. U Nwokolo
Immunohistochemical and quantitative mRNA assessment of ghrelin expression in gastric and oesophageal adenocarcinoma
J. Clin. Pathol., April 1, 2007; 60(4): 405 - 409.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol.Home page
L. S. Farhy, C. Y. Bowers, and J. D. Veldhuis
Model-projected mechanistic bases for sex differences in growth hormone regulation in humans
Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, April 1, 2007; 292(4): R1577 - R1593.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Endocr Relat CancerHome page
M. C. Zatelli, D. Piccin, C. Vignali, F. Tagliati, M. R. Ambrosio, M. Bondanelli, V. Cimino, A. Bianchi, H. A Schmid, M. Scanarini, et al.
Pasireotide, a multiple somatostatin receptor subtypes ligand, reduces cell viability in non-functioning pituitary adenomas by inhibiting vascular endothelial growth factor secretion
Endocr. Relat. Cancer, March 1, 2007; 14(1): 91 - 102.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 EndocrinologyHome page
H. Chung, E. Kim, D. H. Lee, S. Seo, S. Ju, D. Lee, H. Kim, and S. Park
Ghrelin Inhibits Apoptosis in Hypothalamic Neuronal Cells during Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation
Endocrinology, January 1, 2007; 148(1): 148 - 159.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J Mol EndocrinolHome page
H D. Falls, B. D Dayton, D. G Fry, C. A Ogiela, V. G Schaefer, S. Brodjian, R. M Reilly, C. A Collins, and W. Kaszubska
Characterization of ghrelin receptor activity in a rat pituitary cell line RC-4B/C.
J. Mol. Endocrinol., August 1, 2006; 37(1): 51 - 62.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
A. J. Martinez-Fuentes, J. Moreno-Fernandez, R. Vazquez-Martinez, M. Duran-Prado, A. de la Riva, M. Tena-Sempere, C. Dieguez, L. Jimenez-Reina, S. M. Webb, A. Pumar, et al.
Ghrelin Is Produced by and Directly Activates Corticotrope Cells from Adrenocorticotropin-Secreting Adenomas
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., June 1, 2006; 91(6): 2225 - 2231.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
M. C. Zatelli, D. Piccin, F. Tagliati, A. Bottoni, A. Luchin, C. Vignali, A. Margutti, M. Bondanelli, G. C. Pansini, M. R. Pelizzo, et al.
Selective Activation of Somatostatin Receptor Subtypes Differentially Modulates Secretion and Viability in Human Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma Primary Cultures: Potential Clinical Perspectives
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., June 1, 2006; 91(6): 2218 - 2224.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 EndocrinologyHome page
K. Nakahara, M. Nakagawa, Y. Baba, M. Sato, K. Toshinai, Y. Date, M. Nakazato, M. Kojima, M. Miyazato, H. Kaiya, et al.
Maternal Ghrelin Plays an Important Role in Rat Fetal Development during Pregnancy
Endocrinology, March 1, 2006; 147(3): 1333 - 1342.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Neurosci.Home page
K. J. Pulman, W. M. Fry, G. T. Cottrell, and A. V. Ferguson
The Subfornical Organ: A Central Target for Circulating Feeding Signals
J. Neurosci., February 15, 2006; 26(7): 2022 - 2030.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Endocr Relat CancerHome page
P L Jeffery, R E Murray, A H Yeh, J F McNamara, R P Duncan, G D Francis, A C Herington, and L K Chopin
Expression and function of the ghrelin axis, including a novel preproghrelin isoform, in human breast cancer tissues and cell lines
Endocr. Relat. Cancer, December 1, 2005; 12(4): 839 - 850.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Pharmacol. Rev.Home page
A. P. Davenport, T. I. Bonner, S. M. Foord, A. J. Harmar, R. R. Neubig, J.-P. Pin, M. Spedding, M. Kojima, and K. Kangawa
International Union of Pharmacology. LVI. Ghrelin Receptor Nomenclature, Distribution, and Function
Pharmacol. Rev., December 1, 2005; 57(4): 541 - 546.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Clin. Cancer Res.Home page
A. H. Yeh, P. L. Jeffery, R. P. Duncan, A. C. Herington, and L. K. Chopin
Ghrelin and a Novel Preproghrelin Isoform Are Highly Expressed in Prostate Cancer and Ghrelin Activates Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase in Prostate Cancer
Clin. Cancer Res., December 1, 2005; 11(23): 8295 - 8303.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J Mol EndocrinolHome page
M C Zatelli, D Piccin, F Tagliati, A Bottoni, M R Ambrosio, A Margutti, M Scanarini, M Bondanelli, M D Culler, and E C d. Uberti
Dopamine receptor subtype 2 and somatostatin receptor subtype 5 expression influences somatostatin analogs effects on human somatotroph pituitary adenomas in vitro
J. Mol. Endocrinol., October 1, 2005; 35(2): 333 - 341.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Eur J EndocrinolHome page
R. Giordano, A. Picu, U. Pagotto, R. De Iasio, L. Bonelli, F. Prodam, F. Broglio, L. Marafetti, R. Pasquali, M. Maccario, et al.
The negative association between total ghrelin levels, body mass and insulin secretion is lost in hypercortisolemic patients with Cushing's disease
Eur. J. Endocrinol., October 1, 2005; 153(4): 535 - 543.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol.Home page
L. S. Farhy and J. D. Veldhuis
Deterministic construct of amplifying actions of ghrelin on pulsatile growth hormone secretion
Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, June 1, 2005; 288(6): R1649 - R1663.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
E. Kellokoski, S. M. Poykko, A. H. Karjalainen, O. Ukkola, J. Heikkinen, Y. A. Kesaniemi, and S. Horkko
Estrogen Replacement Therapy Increases Plasma Ghrelin Levels
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., May 1, 2005; 90(5): 2954 - 2963.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Physiol. Rev.Home page
M. Kojima and K. Kangawa
Ghrelin: Structure and Function
Physiol Rev, April 1, 2005; 85(2): 495 - 522.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
V. Popovic, D. Miljic, S. Pekic, P. Pesko, M. Djurovic, M. Doknic, S. Damjanovic, D. Micic, G. Cvijovic, J. Glodic, et al.
Low Plasma Ghrelin Level in Gastrectomized Patients Is Accompanied by Enhanced Sensitivity to the Ghrelin-Induced Growth Hormone Release
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., April 1, 2005; 90(4): 2187 - 2191.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
F. Gaytan, C. Morales, M. L. Barreiro, P. Jeffery, L. K. Chopin, A. C. Herington, F. F. Casanueva, E. Aguilar, C. Dieguez, and M. Tena-Sempere
Expression of Growth Hormone Secretagogue Receptor Type 1a, the Functional Ghrelin Receptor, in Human Ovarian Surface Epithelium, Mullerian Duct Derivatives, and Ovarian Tumors
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., March 1, 2005; 90(3): 1798 - 1804.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
C. Gauna, P. J. D. Delhanty, L. J. Hofland, J. A. M. J. L. Janssen, F. Broglio, R. J. M. Ross, E. Ghigo, and A. J. van der Lely
Ghrelin Stimulates, Whereas Des-Octanoyl Ghrelin Inhibits, Glucose Output by Primary Hepatocytes
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., February 1, 2005; 90(2): 1055 - 1060.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
L. Ghizzoni, G. Mastorakos, A. Vottero, M. Ziveri, I. Ilias, and S. Bernasconi
Spontaneous Growth Hormone (GH) Secretion Is Not Directly Affected by Ghrelin in Either Short Normal Prepubertal Children or Children with GH Neurosecretory Dysfunction
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., November 1, 2004; 89(11): 5488 - 5495.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Exp. Biol. Med.Home page
G. Rindi, A. Torsello, V. Locatelli, and E. Solcia
Ghrelin Expression and Actions: A Novel Peptide for an Old Cell Type of the Diffuse Endocrine System
Experimental Biology and Medicine, November 1, 2004; 229(10): 1007 - 1016.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 EndocrinologyHome page
N. Kanamoto, T. Akamizu, T. Tagami, Y. Hataya, K. Moriyama, K. Takaya, H. Hosoda, M. Kojima, K. Kangawa, and K. Nakao
Genomic Structure and Characterization of the 5'-Flanking Region of the Human Ghrelin Gene
Endocrinology, September 1, 2004; 145(9): 4144 - 4153.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 EndocrinologyHome page
J. Kamegai, H. Tamura, T. Shimizu, S. Ishii, A. Tatsuguchi, H. Sugihara, S. Oikawa, and R. D. Kineman
The Role of Pituitary Ghrelin in Growth Hormone (GH) Secretion: GH-Releasing Hormone-Dependent Regulation of Pituitary Ghrelin Gene Expression and Peptide Content
Endocrinology, August 1, 2004; 145(8): 3731 - 3738.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 EndocrinologyHome page
R. M. Luque, R. D. Kineman, S. Park, X.-D. Peng, F. Gracia-Navarro, J. P. Castano, and M. M. Malagon
Homologous and Heterologous Regulation of Pituitary Receptors for Ghrelin and Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone
Endocrinology, July 1, 2004; 145(7): 3182 - 3189.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Endocr. Rev.Home page
A. J. van der Lely, M. Tschop, M. L. Heiman, and E. Ghigo
Biological, Physiological, Pathophysiological, and Pharmacological Aspects of Ghrelin
Endocr. Rev., June 1, 2004; 25(3): 426 - 457.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
A. Dzaja, M. A. Dalal, H. Himmerich, M. Uhr, T. Pollmacher, and A. Schuld
Sleep enhances nocturnal plasma ghrelin levels in healthy subjects
Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, June 1, 2004; 286(6): E963 - E967.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
A. P. Goldstone, E. L. Thomas, A. E. Brynes, G. Castroman, R. Edwards, M. A. Ghatei, G. Frost, A. J. Holland, A. B. Grossman, M. Korbonits, et al.
Elevated Fasting Plasma Ghrelin in Prader-Willi Syndrome Adults Is Not Solely Explained by Their Reduced Visceral Adiposity and Insulin Resistance
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., April 1, 2004; 89(4): 1718 - 1726.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 FASEB J.Home page
A. INUI, A. ASAKAWA, C. Y. BOWERS, G. MANTOVANI, A. LAVIANO, M. M. MEGUID, and M. FUJIMIYA
Ghrelin, appetite, and gastric motility: the emerging role of the stomach as an endocrine organ
FASEB J, March 1, 2004; 18(3): 439 - 456.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 EndocrinologyHome page
J. P. Camina, M. C. Carreira, S. El Messari, C. Llorens-Cortes, R. G. Smith, and F. F. Casanueva
Desensitization and Endocytosis Mechanisms of Ghrelin-Activated Growth Hormone Secretagogue Receptor 1a
Endocrinology, February 1, 2004; 145(2): 930 - 940.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
F. Gaytan, M. L. Barreiro, J. E. Caminos, L. K. Chopin, A. C. Herington, C. Morales, L. Pinilla, R. Paniagua, M. Nistal, F. F. Casanueva, et al.
Expression of Ghrelin and Its Functional Receptor, the Type 1a Growth Hormone Secretagogue Receptor, in Normal Human Testis and Testicular Tumors
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., January 1, 2004; 89(1): 400 - 409.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Recent Prog Horm ResHome page
K. L.J. Ellacott and R. D. Cone
The Central Melanocortin System and the Integration of Short- and Long-term Regulators of Energy Homeostasis
Recent Prog. Horm. Res., January 1, 2004; 59(1): 395 - 408.
[Abstract] [Full Text]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
G. Arnaldi, T. Mancini, B. Kola, G. Appolloni, S. Freddi, C. Concettoni, I. Bearzi, A. Masini, M. Boscaro, and F. Mantero
Cyclical Cushing's Syndrome in a Patient with a Bronchial Neuroendocrine Tumor (Typical Carcinoid) Expressing Ghrelin and Growth Hormone Secretagogue Receptors
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., December 1, 2003; 88(12): 5834 - 5840.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 EndocrinologyHome page
J. E. Caminos, R. Nogueiras, M. Blanco, L. M. Seoane, S. Bravo, C. V. Alvarez, T. Garcia-Caballero, F. F. Casanueva, and C. Dieguez
Cellular Distribution and Regulation of Ghrelin Messenger Ribonucleic Acid in the Rat Pituitary Gland
Endocrinology, November 1, 2003; 144(11): 5089 - 5097.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
P. U. Freda, C. M. Reyes, I. M. Conwell, R. E. Sundeen, and S. L. Wardlaw
Serum Ghrelin Levels in Acromegaly: Effects of Surgical and Long-Acting Octreotide Therapy
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., May 1, 2003; 88(5): 2037 - 2044.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 EndocrinologyHome page
G. S. Tannenbaum, J. Epelbaum, and C. Y. Bowers
Interrelationship between the Novel Peptide Ghrelin and Somatostatin/Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone in Regulation of Pulsatile Growth Hormone Secretion
Endocrinology, March 1, 2003; 144(3): 967 - 974.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
N. Moller, J. Nygren, T. K. Hansen, H. Orskov, J. Frystyk, and K. S. Nair
Splanchnic Release of Ghrelin in Humans
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., February 1, 2003; 88(2): 850 - 852.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Pathol.Home page
M. Volante, E. Allia, E. Fulcheri, P. Cassoni, E. Ghigo, G. Muccioli, and M. Papotti
Ghrelin in Fetal Thyroid and Follicular Tumors and Cell Lines: Expression and Effects on Tumor Growth
Am. J. Pathol., February 1, 2003; 162(2): 645 - 654.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Mol. Interv.Home page
H. Hosoda, M. Kojima, and K. Kangawa
Ghrelin and the Regulation of Food Intake and Energy Balance
Mol. Interv., December 1, 2002; 2(8): 494 - 503.
[Abstract] [Full Text]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
H. Iwakura, K. Hosoda, R. Doi, I. Komoto, H. Nishimura, C. Son, J. Fujikura, T. Tomita, K. Takaya, Y. Ogawa, et al.
Ghrelin Expression in Islet Cell Tumors: Augmented Expression of Ghrelin in a Case of Glucagonoma with Multiple Endocrine Neoplasm Type I
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., November 1, 2002; 87(11): 4885 - 4888.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 EndocrinologyHome page
H. Tamura, J. Kamegai, T. Shimizu, S. Ishii, H. Sugihara, and S. Oikawa
Ghrelin Stimulates GH But Not Food Intake in Arcuate Nucleus Ablated Rats
Endocrinology, September 1, 2002; 143(9): 3268 - 3275.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Histochem. Cytochem.Home page
M. Volante, E. Fulcheri, E. Allia, M. Cerrato, A. Pucci, and M. Papotti
Ghrelin Expression in Fetal, Infant, and Adult Human Lung
J. Histochem. Cytochem., August 1, 2002; 50(8): 1013 - 1021.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
M. Volante, E. AllIa, P. Gugliotta, A. Funaro, F. Broglio, R. Deghenghi, G. Muccioli, E. Ghigo, and M. Papotti
Expression of Ghrelin and of the GH Secretagogue Receptor by Pancreatic Islet Cells and Related Endocrine Tumors
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., March 1, 2002; 87(3): 1300 - 1308.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 EndocrinologyHome page
C. Ghe, P. Cassoni, F. Catapano, T. Marrocco, R. Deghenghi, E. Ghigo, G. Muccioli, and M. Papotti
The Antiproliferative Effect of Synthetic Peptidyl GH Secretagogues in Human CALU-1 Lung Carcinoma Cells
Endocrinology, February 1, 2002; 143(2): 484 - 491.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
N. Kanamoto, T. Akamizu, H. Hosoda, Y. Hataya, H. Ariyasu, K. Takaya, K. Hosoda, M. Saijo, K. Moriyama, A. Shimatsu, et al.
Substantial Production of Ghrelin by a Human Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma Cell Line
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., October 1, 2001; 86(10): 4984 - 4990.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
M. Papotti, P. Cassoni, M. Volante, R. Deghenghi, G. Muccioli, and E. Ghigo
Ghrelin-Producing Endocrine Tumors of the Stomach and Intestine
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., October 1, 2001; 86(10): 5052 - 5059.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS
Endocrinology Endocrine Reviews J. Clin. End. & Metab.
Molecular Endocrinology Recent Prog. Horm. Res. All Endocrine Journals
Copyright © 2001 by The Endocrine Society