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Prevention of Bone Loss with Tibolone in Postmenopausal Women: Results of Two Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Dose-Finding Studies

Creighton University Medical Center (J.C.G.), Omaha, Nebraska 68131; Jerry L. Pettis VA Medical Center (D.J.B.), Loma Linda, California 92357; Albert Einstein College of Medicine (R.F.), Bronx, New York 10461; and Oregon Osteoporosis Center (M.M.), Portland, Oregon 97213

Address all correspondence and requests for reprints to: J. Christopher Gallagher, M.D., Creighton University Medical Center, St. Joseph’s Hospital, 601 North 30th Street, Suite 6712, Omaha, Nebraska 68131. E-mail: jcg{at}creighton.edu

Abstract

Tibolone, a novel compound with tissue-specific effects, has been found to have antiresorptive properties in bone. To confirm the efficacy of tibolone and determine its minimum effective dose for prevention of bone loss in early postmenopausal women, two randomized, double-blind, placebocontrolled, dose-finding studies were performed.

Seven hundred seventy healthy women postmenopausal within 1–4 yr, with normal bone density for their age, were treated for 2 yr with 0.3, 0.625, 1.25, or 2.5 mg tibolone daily or placebo. All subjects took supplemental calcium carbonate (500 mg daily). Bone mineral density (BMD) of the lumbar spine and right proximal femur was measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry for up to 2 yr.

At each dose level, except the lowest (0.3 mg), tibolone produced a progressive increase in lumbar spine and total hip BMD over the 2-yr treatment period; at 0.3 mg, total hip density was maintained. However, only the doses 1.25 mg and 2.5 mg produced a progressive increase in femoral neck BMD. The differences in mean percent change from baseline in spine and total hip density were significant (P < 0.05) for all tibolone dose groups compared with placebo at all time points. Tibolone was well tolerated, with a similar overall incidence of adverse events compared with placebo. Tibolone 1.25 mg per day is recommended because it shows a positive and statistically significant change in BMD of spine and femoral neck.

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