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The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism Vol. 85, No. 9 3468-3475
Copyright © 2000 by The Endocrine Society

Original Studies

Expression of Cyclooxygenase-2 and Prostanoid Receptors by Human Myometrium1

Tiina-Liisa Erkinheimo2, Kirsi Saukkonen2, Kirsi Narko, Jyrki Jalkanen, Olavi Ylikorkala and Ari Ristimäki

Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology (T.-L.E., K.S., K.N., J.J., O.Y., A.R.) and Bacteriology and Immunology, The Haartman Institute (A.R.), Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, FIN-00029 Helsinki, Finland

Address all correspondence and requests for reprints to: Dr. Ari Ristimäki, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, P.O. Box 140, FIN-00029 Helsinki, Finland. E-mail: Ari.Ristimaki{at}HUCH.fi

Prostanoids play an important role in the regulation of parturition. All reproductive tissues, including fetal membranes, decidua, and myometrium, have the capacity to synthesize prostanoids, and fetal membranes have been shown to express elevated levels of cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2) at the onset of labor. We have now investigated the expression of Cox-2 in human myometrium. Myometrial samples collected from women in labor during lower segment cesarean section expressed 15-fold higher levels of Cox-2 messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) compared to myometrial specimens collected from women not in labor, as detected by Northern blot analysis. Immunohistochemical detection of Cox-2 protein showed cytoplasmic staining in the smooth muscle cells of the myometrium. Cultured myometrial cells expressed low levels of Cox-2 mRNA under baseline conditions, but interleukin-1ß (IL-1ß) caused a 17-fold induction of expression of the Cox-2 transcript after incubation for 6 h. IL-1ß also induced expression of biologically active Cox-2 protein, as detected by immunofluorescence, Western blot analysis, and measuring the conversion of arachidonic acid to prostanoids in the presence and absence of a Cox-2-selective inhibitor, NS-398. PGE2 receptor subtype EP2 mRNA was expressed in cultured myometrial smooth muscle cells, whereas transcripts for EP1, EP3, EP4, FP, and IP were low or below the detection limit as measured by Northern blot analysis. However, IL-1ß stimulated expression of EP4 receptor mRNA. Our data suggest that expression of Cox-2 transcript is elevated at the onset of labor in myometrial smooth muscle cells, which may depend on induction by cytokines. As, in addition to Cox-2, the expression of prostanoid receptors is regulated, not only the production of prostanoids, but also responsiveness to them, may be modulated.




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