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Service de Biochimie (J.-P.B., C.J., P.B., B.H.), Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Paris; Service de Biochimie et Hormonologie Hôpital Tenon-Rothschild (J.-P.B., J.C.), AP-HP, Paris; INSERM U-402 (J.-P.B., J.C.), Faculté de Médecine Saint-Antoine, Université Paris VI, Paris; Service d’Endocrinologie (E.B.), Hôpital de la Pitié, AP-HP, Paris; INSERM U-449 (M.L., H.V.), Faculté de Médecine RTH Laënnec, Lyon; and Département de Biochimie (B.H.), UFR de Pharmacie, Université Paris V, Paris, France
Address correspondence and requests for reprints to: Dr. Jean-Philippe Bastard, M.D., Ph.D., Service de Biochimie et Hormonologie, Hôpital Tenon, 4 rue de la Chine, 75970 Paris Cedex 20, France. E-mail: jean-philippe.bastard{at}tnn.ap-hop-paris.fr
The aim of this study was to investigate the potential role of adipose
cytokines in the obesity-associated insulin resistance. To that end, we
compared: 1) serum concentrations of interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor
necrosis factor 
(TNF), and leptin in eight healthy lean control
females and in android obese female without (n = 14) and with
(n = 7) type 2 diabetes; and 2) the levels of these cytokines both
in serum and in sc adipose tissue in the 14 obese nondiabetic women
before and after 3 weeks of a very low-calorie diet (VLCD). As compared
with lean controls, obese nondiabetic and diabetic patients were more
insulin resistant and presented increased values for leptin, IL-6,
TNF, and C-reactive protein. In the whole group, IL-6 values were
more closely related to the parameters evaluating insulin resistance
than leptin or TNF values. VLCD resulted in weight loss and
decreased body fat mass (
3 kg). Insulin sensitivity was improved
with no significant change in both serum and adipose tissue TNF
levels. In contrast, VLCD induced significant decreases in IL-6 and
leptin levels in both adipose tissue and serum. These results suggest
that, as for leptin, circulating IL-6 concentrations reflect, at least
in part, adipose tissue production. The reduced production and serum
concentrations after weight loss could play a role in the improved
sensitivity to insulin observed in these patients.
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