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Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75235-9063
Address all correspondence and requests for reprints to: Perrin White, M.D., Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75235-9063. E-mail: pwhit2{at}mednet.swmed.edu
Corticosteroids have specific effects on cardiac structure and
function mediated by mineralocorticoid (MR) and glucocorticoid (GR)
receptors. Aldosterone and corticosterone are synthesized in the rat
heart. To see whether they might also be synthesized in the human
cardiovascular system, we examined the expression of genes for
steroidogenic enzymes as well as genes for GR, MR, and
11-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11-HSD2; which maintains the
specificity of MR). Human samples were from left and right atria, left
and right ventricles, aorta, apex, intraventricular septum, and
atrioventricular node as well as whole adult and fetal heart. Using
RT-PCR, messenger ribonucleic acids encoding cholesterol side-chain
cleavage enzyme (CYP11A), 3ß-HSD2, 21-hydroxylase (CYP21),
11ß-hydroxylase (CYP11B1), GR, MR, and 11-HSD2 were detected in all
samples with the exception of the ventricles, which did not express
CYP11B1. Aldosterone synthase (CYP11B2) messenger ribonucleic acid was
detected in the aorta and fetal heart, but not in any region of the
adult heart, and 17
-hydroxylase (CYP17) was not detected in any
cardiac sample. Levels of steroidogenic enzyme gene expression were
typically 0.1% those in the adrenal gland. These findings are
consistent with autocrine or paracrine roles for corticosterone and
deoxycorticosterone, but not cortisol or aldosterone, in the normal
adult human heart.
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