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The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism Vol. 85, No. 7 2434-2438
Copyright © 2000 by The Endocrine Society

Original Studies

A Prospective Study of the Prevalence of the Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in Unselected Caucasian Women from Spain1

Miryam Asunción, Rosa M. Calvo, José L. San Millán, José Sancho, Sergio Avila and Héctor F. Escobar-Morreale

Departments of Endocrinology (M.A., R.M.C., J.S., H.F.E.-M.), Molecular Genetics (J.L.S.M.), and Biochemistry (S.A.), Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid 28034, Spain

Address all correspondence and requests for reprints to: Héctor F. Escobar-Morreale, M.D., Ph.D., Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Carretera de Colmenar Km. 9,100, 28034 Madrid, Spain.

We prospectively estimated the prevalence of the polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), as defined by the NIH/NICHHD 1990 endocrine criteria, in a population of 154 Caucasian women of reproductive age reporting spontaneously for blood donation. Anthropometric data; the presence of hirsutism, acne, and androgenic alopecia; and the menstrual history were recorded by a single investigator. In 145 women, blood samples were also obtained for measurement of serum androgen levels. PCOS was defined by the presence of 1) oligomenorrhea, 2) clinical and/or biochemical hyperandrogenism, and 3) exclusion of hyperprolactinemia, thyroid disorders, and nonclassic 21-hydroxylase deficiency. Hirsutism was defined by a modified Ferriman- Gallwey score of 8 or more, acne was considered as a sign of hyperandrogenism when persistent after the second decade of life, and hyperandrogenemia was defined by an increase in circulating testosterone or dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate or an increase in the free androgen index above the 95th percentile of the control values derived from the nonhirsute, nonacneic women having regular menses who were not receiving hormonal therapy. PCOS was present in 10 (6.5%), hirsutism was present in 11 (7.1%), and acne was present in 19 (12.3%) of the 154 women. Our results demonstrate a 6.5% prevalence of PCOS, as defined, in a minimally biased population of Caucasian women from Spain. The polycystic ovary syndrome, hirsutism, and acne are common endocrine disorders in women.




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 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
N. I. Leibel, E. E. Baumann, M. Kocherginsky, and R. L. Rosenfield
Relationship of Adolescent Polycystic Ovary Syndrome to Parental Metabolic Syndrome
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., April 1, 2006; 91(4): 1275 - 1283.
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 Hum ReprodHome page
A. Gonzalez, M.E. Saez, M.J. Aragon, J.J. Galan, P. Vettori, L. Molina, C. Rubio, L.M. Real, A. Ruiz, and R. Ramirez-Lorca
Specific haplotypes of the CALPAIN-5 gene are associated with polycystic ovary syndrome
Hum. Reprod., April 1, 2006; 21(4): 943 - 951.
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S. Elsenbruch, S. Benson, S. Hahn, S. Tan, K. Mann, K. Pleger, R. Kimmig, and O. E. Janssen
Determinants of emotional distress in women with polycystic ovary syndrome
Hum. Reprod., April 1, 2006; 21(4): 1092 - 1099.
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 ReproductionHome page
V. Sander, C. G. Luchetti, M. E. Solano, E. Elia, G. Di Girolamo, C. Gonzalez, and A. B. Motta
Role of the N, N'-dimethylbiguanide metformin in the treatment of female prepuberal BALB/c mice hyperandrogenized with dehydroepiandrosterone.
Reproduction, March 1, 2006; 131(3): 591 - 602.
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 Arch Pediatr Adolesc MedHome page
T. Bridger, S. MacDonald, F. Baltzer, and C. Rodd
Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial of Metformin for Adolescents With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med, March 1, 2006; 160(3): 241 - 246.
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 Eur J EndocrinolHome page
S. Hahn, U. Haselhorst, B. Quadbeck, S. Tan, R. Kimmig, K. Mann, and O. E Janssen
Decreased soluble leptin receptor levels in women with polycystic ovary syndrome
Eur. J. Endocrinol., February 1, 2006; 154(2): 287 - 294.
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 Eur J EndocrinolHome page
M. Mohlig, J. Spranger, M. Ristow, A. F H Pfeiffer, T. Schill, H. W Schlosser, L. Moltz, G. Brabant, and C. Schofl
Predictors of abnormal glucose metabolism in women with polycystic ovary syndrome
Eur. J. Endocrinol., February 1, 2006; 154(2): 295 - 301.
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 Hum ReprodHome page
L. Ibanez, C. Valls, and F. de Zegher
Discontinuous low-dose flutamide-metformin plus an oral or a transdermal contraceptive in patients with hyperinsulinaemic hyperandrogenism: normalizing effects on CRP, TNF-{alpha} and the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio
Hum. Reprod., February 1, 2006; 21(2): 451 - 456.
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 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
H. F. Escobar-Morreale, J. I. Botella-Carretero, F. Alvarez-Blasco, J. Sancho, and J. L. San Millan
The Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Associated with Morbid Obesity May Resolve after Weight Loss Induced by Bariatric Surgery
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., December 1, 2005; 90(12): 6364 - 6369.
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 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
R. Zhou, I. M. Bird, D. A. Dumesic, and D. H. Abbott
Adrenal Hyperandrogenism Is Induced by Fetal Androgen Excess in a Rhesus Monkey Model of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., December 1, 2005; 90(12): 6630 - 6637.
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 Hum Reprod UpdateHome page
E. Diamanti-Kandarakis and C. Piperi
Genetics of polycystic ovary syndrome: searching for the way out of the labyrinth
Hum. Reprod. Update, November 1, 2005; 11(6): 631 - 643.
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 Hum ReprodHome page
G. Villuendas, J. I. Botella-Carretero, B. Roldan, J. Sancho, H. F. Escobar-Morreale, and J. L. S. Millan
Polymorphisms in the insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) gene and the insulin receptor substrate-2 (IRS-2) gene influence glucose homeostasis and body mass index in women with polycystic ovary syndrome and non-hyperandrogenic controls
Hum. Reprod., November 1, 2005; 20(11): 3184 - 3191.
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 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
C. K. Welt, A. E. Taylor, J. Fox, G. M. Messerlian, J. M. Adams, and A. L. Schneyer
Follicular Arrest in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Is Associated with Deficient Inhibin A and B Biosynthesis
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., October 1, 2005; 90(10): 5582 - 5587.
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 Hum ReprodHome page
L. Ibanez, A. M. Jaramillo, A. Ferrer, and F. de Zegher
High neutrophil count in girls and women with hyperinsulinaemic hyperandrogenism: normalization with metformin and flutamide overcomes the aggravation by oral contraception
Hum. Reprod., September 1, 2005; 20(9): 2457 - 2462.
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 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
S. Sam, R. S. Legro, R. Bentley-Lewis, and A. Dunaif
Dyslipidemia and Metabolic Syndrome in the Sisters of Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., August 1, 2005; 90(8): 4797 - 4802.
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 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
R. Azziz, C. Marin, L. Hoq, E. Badamgarav, and P. Song
Health Care-Related Economic Burden of the Polycystic Ovary Syndrome during the Reproductive Life Span
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., August 1, 2005; 90(8): 4650 - 4658.
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 Hum Reprod UpdateHome page
D.H. Abbott, D.K. Barnett, C.M. Bruns, and D.A. Dumesic
Androgen excess fetal programming of female reproduction: a developmental aetiology for polycystic ovary syndrome?
Hum. Reprod. Update, July 1, 2005; 11(4): 357 - 374.
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 Hum ReprodHome page
M. van Wely, N. Bayram, F. van der Veen, and P. M.M. Bossuyt
Predicting ongoing pregnancy following ovulation induction with recombinant FSH in women with polycystic ovary syndrome
Hum. Reprod., July 1, 2005; 20(7): 1827 - 1832.
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E. B. Kilicdag, T. Bagis, E. Tarim, E. Aslan, S. Erkanli, E. Simsek, B. Haydardedeoglu, and E. Kuscu
Administration of B-group vitamins reduces circulating homocysteine in polycystic ovarian syndrome patients treated with metformin: a randomized trial
Hum. Reprod., June 1, 2005; 20(6): 1521 - 1528.
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 Endocr. Rev.Home page
H. F. Escobar-Morreale, M. Luque-Ramirez, and J. L. San Millan
The Molecular-Genetic Basis of Functional Hyperandrogenism and the Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Endocr. Rev., April 1, 2005; 26(2): 251 - 282.
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