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Original Studies |
Osteoporosis Research Center, Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska 68131
Address correspondence and requests for reprints to: Robert P. Heaney, M.D., Creighton University, Osteoporosis Research Center, 601 North 30th Street, Omaha, Nebraska 68131.
Five clinical studies of calcium intake, designed with a primary
skeletal end point, were reevaluated to explore associations between
calcium intake and body weight. All subjects were women, clustered in
three main age groups: 3rd, 5th, and 8th decades. Total sample size was
780. Four of the studies were observational; two were cross-sectional,
in which body mass index was regressed against entry level calcium
intake; and two were longitudinal, in which change in weight over time
was regressed against calcium intake. One study was a double-blind,
placebo-controlled, randomized trial of calcium supplementation, in
which change in weight during the course of study was evaluated as a
function of treatment status. Significant negative associations between
calcium intake and weight were found for all three age groups, and the
odds ratio for being overweight (body mass index, >26) was 2.25 for
young women in the lower half of the calcium intakes of their
respective study groups (P < 0.02). Relative to
placebo, the calcium-treated subjects in the controlled trial exhibited
a significant weight loss across nearly 4 yr of observation. Estimates
of the relationship indicate that a 1000-mg calcium intake difference
is associated with an 8-kg difference in mean body weight and that
calcium intake explains 
3% of the variance in body weight.
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M. B Zemel Role of calcium and dairy products in energy partitioning and weight management Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, May 1, 2004; 79(5): 907S - 912S. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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G. A Bray, S. J. Nielsen, and B. M Popkin Consumption of high-fructose corn syrup in beverages may play a role in the epidemic of obesity Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, April 1, 2004; 79(4): 537 - 543. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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S. A. Shapses, S. Heshka, and S. B. Heymsfield Effect of Calcium Supplementation on Weight and Fat Loss in Women J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., February 1, 2004; 89(2): 632 - 637. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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M. L. Storey, R. A. Forshee, and P. A. Anderson Associations of Adequate Intake of Calcium with Diet, Beverage Consumption, and Demographic Characteristics among Children and Adolescents J. Am. Coll. Nutr., February 1, 2004; 23(1): 18 - 33. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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R. P Heaney Long-latency deficiency disease: insights from calcium and vitamin D Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, November 1, 2003; 78(5): 912 - 919. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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T. A. Nicklas Calcium Intake Trends and Health Consequences from Childhood through Adulthood J. Am. Coll. Nutr., October 1, 2003; 22(5): 340 - 356. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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M. Jacqmain, E. Doucet, J.-P. Despres, C. Bouchard, and A. Tremblay Calcium intake, body composition, and lipoprotein-lipid concentrations in adults Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, June 1, 2003; 77(6): 1448 - 1452. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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 G. A. Bray Low-Carbohydrate Diets and Realities of Weight Loss JAMA, April 9, 2003; 289(14): 1853 - 1855. [Full Text] [PDF]
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S. J Parikh and J. A Yanovski Calcium intake and adiposity Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, February 1, 2003; 77(2): 281 - 287. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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E. Kamycheva, R. M. Joakimsen, and R. Jorde Intakes of Calcium and Vitamin D Predict Body Mass Index in the Population of Northern Norway J. Nutr., January 1, 2003; 133(1): 102 - 106. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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D. Teegarden and M. B. Zemel Dairy Product Components and Weight Regulation: Symposium Overview J. Nutr., January 1, 2003; 133(1): 243S - 244. [Full Text] [PDF]
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S. I. Barr Increased Dairy Product or Calcium Intake: Is Body Weight or Composition Affected in Humans? J. Nutr., January 1, 2003; 133(1): 245S - 248. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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D. Teegarden Calcium Intake and Reduction in Weight or Fat Mass J. Nutr., January 1, 2003; 133(1): 249S - 251. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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R. P. Heaney Normalizing Calcium Intake: Projected Population Effects for Body Weight J. Nutr., January 1, 2003; 133(1): 268S - 270. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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R. E Black, S. M Williams, I. E Jones, and A. Goulding Children who avoid drinking cow milk have low dietary calcium intakes and poor bone health Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, September 1, 2002; 76(3): 675 - 680. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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M. A. Pereira, D. R. Jacobs Jr, L. Van Horn, M. L. Slattery, A. I. Kartashov, and D. S. Ludwig Dairy Consumption, Obesity, and the Insulin Resistance Syndrome in Young Adults: The CARDIA Study JAMA, April 24, 2002; 287(16): 2081 - 2089. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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S. L. Miller, D. B. DiRienzo, and G. D. Miller New Frontiers in Weight Management J. Am. Coll. Nutr., April 1, 2002; 21(2): 131S - 133. [Full Text] [PDF]
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M. B. Zemel Regulation of Adiposity and Obesity Risk By Dietary Calcium: Mechanisms and Implications J. Am. Coll. Nutr., April 1, 2002; 21(2): 146S - 151. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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R. P. Heaney, K. M. Davies, and M. J. Barger-Lux Calcium and Weight: Clinical Studies J. Am. Coll. Nutr., April 1, 2002; 21(2): 152S - 155. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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M. S. Buchowski, J. Semenya, and A. O. Johnson Dietary Calcium Intake in Lactose Maldigesting Intolerant and Tolerant African-American Women J. Am. Coll. Nutr., February 1, 2002; 21(1): 47 - 54. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
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M. B. Zemel Calcium Modulation of Hypertension and Obesity: Mechanisms and Implications J. Am. Coll. Nutr., October 1, 2001; 20(90005): 428S - 435. [Abstract] [Full Text]
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