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Common Susceptibility and Transmission Pattern of Human Leukocyte Antigen DRB1-DQB1 Haplotypes to Korean and Caucasian Patients with Type 1 Diabetes¹

Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center (Y.P., S.B., G.S.E.), Denver, Colorado 80262; Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine and Center for Mammalian Genetics, University of Florida College of Medicine (J.-X.S., C.-Y.W.), Gainesville, Florida 32610; Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang and Seoul National University College of Medicine (Y.P., H.L.), 471-020 Seoul, Korea; Department of Human Genetics, Roche Molecular Systems, Inc. (H.A.E., J.A.N.), Alameda, California 94501; and Children’s Hospital Oakland Research Institute (H.A.E., J.A.N.), Oakland, California 94609

Address all correspondence and requests for reprints to: Dr. George S. Eisenbarth, Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Box B-140, 4200 East 9th Avenue, Denver, Colorado 80262. E-mail: george.eisenbarth{at}uchsc.edu

The incidence of type 1 diabetes in Korea is less than 1/10th of that in the United States, and it has been suggested that human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles of Asian patients associated with diabetes differ from those of Caucasians. In this study we analyzed the common susceptibility and transmission pattern of a series of HLA DRB1-DQB1 haplotypes to Korean and Caucasian patients with type 1 diabetes. We performed HLA DR and DQ typing of 158 type 1 diabetic patients in a case control study, 140 nondiabetic subjects from the same geographical area, 49 simplex families from Seoul, and 283 families from the Human Biological Data Interchange. Although the haplotype frequencies in the two populations are quite different, when identical haplotypes are compared, their odds ratios are nearly the same. For all parental haplotypes, the transmission to diabetic offspring was similar for Korean and Caucasian families (r = 0.8; P < 10^-4). Allowing for ethnic differences in allelic associations due to different frequencies of DRB1 and DQB1 haplotypes (linkage disequilibrium), these data show, not only by case-control comparison but also by transmission analyses of the haplotypes, that the susceptibility effects of DRB1-DQB1 haplotypes are consistent in Koreans and Caucasians. Thus, the influence of class II susceptibility and resistance alleles appears to transcend ethnic and geographic diversity of type 1 diabetes.

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