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Synthesis and Secretion of Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 by Human Preadipocytes

Wyeth-Ayerst Laboratories, Inc. Research (D.L.C., E.M.Q., G.A.M., D.E.B., B.M.-R.), Radnor, Pennsylvania 19101; and Department of Surgery (J.G.K.), Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York 11203

Address all correspondence and requests for reprints to: Dr. David L. Crandall, Wyeth-Ayerst Laboratories, Inc. Research, P.O. Box 42528, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19101. E-mail: crandad{at}war.wyeth.com

To further investigate the role of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) in adipose tissue physiology, the production and regulation of PAI-1 was determined in primary cultures of human preadipocytes. When expressed as production per cell and cultured under identical conditions, human preadipocytes from both visceral (omental) and sc depots of lean and obese individuals released significant, yet similar, amounts of PAI-1 protein into the conditioned medium. High steady-state PAI-1 messenger RNA (mRNA) concentrations were observed in visceral and sc preadipocytes, with the relative level of expression equivalent to ß-actin mRNA. Tumor necrosis factor significantly decreased PAI-1 production in a concentration-dependent manner in both visceral and sc cultures, whereas transforming growth factor ß significantly elevated PAI-1 production, but only in sc preadipocytes from obese individuals. Addition of insulin had no effect on antigen levels in conditioned medium of preadipocyte cultures. Stimulation of the preadipocyte cultures with a defined medium resulted in differentiation to the adipocyte phenotype, as determined by flow cytometric analysis, verifying the cultures as human preadipocyte. These studies are the first to observe significant PAI-1 mRNA expression and protein production in primary cultures of a human adipose tissue cellular component, and they suggest that nascent adipocytes contribute significantly to the elevated plasma PAI-1 observed in obesity.

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