help button home button Endocrine Society JCEM
HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS
This Article
Right arrow Full Text
Right arrow Full Text (PDF)
Right arrow Submit a related Letter to the Editor
Right arrow Purchase Article
Right arrow View Shopping Cart
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me when eLetters are posted
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Right arrow Citation Map
Services
Right arrow Email this article to a friend
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrow Request Copyright Permission
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via HighWire
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Aaltonen, J.
Right arrow Articles by Ritvos, O.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Aaltonen, J.
Right arrow Articles by Ritvos, O.
Right arrowPubmed/NCBI databases
*Gene*GEO Profiles
*HomoloGene*Nucleotide
*OMIM*Protein
*UniGene
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism Vol. 84, No. 8 2744-2750
Copyright © 1999 by The Endocrine Society

Original Studies

Human Growth Differentiation Factor 9 (GDF-9) and Its Novel Homolog GDF-9B Are Expressed in Oocytes during Early Folliculogenesis1

Johanna Aaltonen2, Mika P. Laitinen2, Kaisa Vuojolainen, Risto Jaatinen, Nina Horelli-Kuitunen, Laura Seppä, Henna Louhio, Timo Tuuri, Jari Sjöberg, Ralf Bützow, Outi Hovatta, Leslie Dale and Olli Ritvos3

Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Haartman Institute (J.A., M.P.L., K.V., R.J., L.S., O.R.), Haartmaninkatu 3, University of Helsinki, FIN-00014 Helsinki; the Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Helsinki University Central Hospital (N.H.-K.), Haartmaninkatu 4, FIN-00290 Helsinki; the Infertility Clinic, Family Federation of Finland (H.L., T.T., O.H.), Kalevankatu 16, FIN-00100 Helsinki, Finland; and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki (J.S., R.B.), Haartmaninkatu 2, FIN-00290, Helsinki, Finland; and the Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, University College London (L.D.), London, United Kingdom WC1E 6BT

Address all correspondence and requests for reprints to: Dr. J. Aaltonen, Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Haartman Institute, P.O. Box 21, Haartmaninkatu 3, University of Helsinki, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. E-mail: johanna.aaltonen{at}helsinki.fi

Growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF-9) is a transforming growth factor-ß family member that is required for normal folliculogenesis in female mice, but its role as a regulator of human fertility is still unclear. We determined here by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemical analyses the localization of the GDF-9 messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) and protein during human folliculogenesis. The GDF-9 transcripts were not detected in primordial follicles, but they are abundantly expressed in primary follicles in frozen sections of ovarian cortical tissue material obtained at laparoscopic surgery. We raised antipeptide antibodies against GDF-9 and showed by immunohistochemical studies on paraffin sections of whole human ovaries that the GDF-9 protein is most abundantly expressed in primary follicles. We recently demonstrated that a novel GDF-9-related factor, GDF-9B, is coexpressed with GDF-9 during murine folliculogenesis. We now isolated human GDF-9B complementary DNA and genomic clones and report the unusually restricted expression pattern of human GDF-9B. The human GDF-9B transcript can be detected only in the gonads by RT-PCR analysis, and in situ hybridization studies indicate that it is not expressed in small primary follicles but, rather, in the oocytes of late primary follicles. Functional studies using the Xenopus laevis embryo model indicate that unlike the transforming growth factor-ß family members activin and bone morphogenetic protein-4, neither GDF-9 nor GDF-9B affects mesoderm induction, suggesting that they may use signaling pathways distinct from those well defined for activin and bone morphogenetic protein-4.

We conclude that 1) both GDF-9 mRNA and protein are abundantly expressed in oocytes of primary follicles in human ovary, suggesting that the GDF-9 transcript is translated at this early stage of folliculogenesis; 2) human GDF-9B is specifically expressed in gonads at low levels; and 3) the expression of GDF-9 mRNA begins slightly earlier than that of GDF-9B in the human oocytes during follicular development. Our results are consistent with the suggestion that GDF-9 and GDF-9B may regulate human folliculogenesis in a manner specific to the ovary.




This article has been cited by other articles:


Home page
 ReproductionHome page
J C Sadeu, T Adriaenssens, and J Smitz
Expression of growth differentiation factor 9, bone morphogenetic protein 15, and anti-Mullerian hormone in cultured mouse primary follicles
Reproduction, August 1, 2008; 136(2): 195 - 203.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Hum Reprod UpdateHome page
R. B. Gilchrist, M. Lane, and J. G. Thompson
Oocyte-secreted factors: regulators of cumulus cell function and oocyte quality
Hum. Reprod. Update, March 1, 2008; 14(2): 159 - 177.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Biol. Reprod.Home page
L. J Spicer, P. Y Aad, D. T Allen, S. Mazerbourg, A. H Payne, and A. J Hsueh
Growth Differentiation Factor 9 (GDF9) Stimulates Proliferation and Inhibits Steroidogenesis by Bovine Theca Cells: Influence of Follicle Size on Responses to GDF9
Biol Reprod, February 1, 2008; 78(2): 243 - 253.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J EndocrinolHome page
S Elis, J Dupont, I Couty, L Persani, M Govoroun, E Blesbois, F Batellier, and P Monget
Expression and biological effects of bone morphogenetic protein-15 in the hen ovary
J. Endocrinol., September 1, 2007; 194(3): 485 - 497.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Ann. Surg. Oncol.Home page
S. Hanavadi, T. A. Martin, G. Watkins, R. E. Mansel, and W. G. Jiang
The Role of Growth Differentiation Factor-9 (GDF-9) and Its Analog, GDF-9b/BMP-15, in Human Breast Cancer
Ann. Surg. Oncol., July 1, 2007; 14(7): 2159 - 2166.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Biol. Reprod.Home page
L. Liu and W. Ge
Growth Differentiation Factor 9 and Its Spatiotemporal Expression and Regulation in the Zebrafish Ovary
Biol Reprod, February 1, 2007; 76(2): 294 - 302.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 EndocrinologyHome page
L. Bodin, E. Di Pasquale, S. Fabre, M. Bontoux, P. Monget, L. Persani, and P. Mulsant
A Novel Mutation in the Bone Morphogenetic Protein 15 Gene Causing Defective Protein Secretion Is Associated with Both Increased Ovulation Rate and Sterility in Lacaune Sheep
Endocrinology, January 1, 2007; 148(1): 393 - 400.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Biol. Reprod.Home page
X. Gueripel, V. Brun, and A. Gougeon
Oocyte Bone Morphogenetic Protein 15, but not Growth Differentiation Factor 9, Is Increased During Gonadotropin-Induced Follicular Development in the Immature Mouse and Is Associated with Cumulus Oophorus Expansion
Biol Reprod, December 1, 2006; 75(6): 836 - 843.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Mol. Endocrinol.Home page
M. Orisaka, S. Orisaka, J.-Y. Jiang, J. Craig, Y. Wang, F. Kotsuji, and B. K. Tsang
Growth Differentiation Factor 9 Is Antiapoptotic during Follicular Development from Preantral to Early Antral Stage
Mol. Endocrinol., October 1, 2006; 20(10): 2456 - 2468.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Cell Sci.Home page
R. B. Gilchrist, L. J. Ritter, S. Myllymaa, N. Kaivo-Oja, R. A. Dragovic, T. E. Hickey, O. Ritvos, and D. G. Mottershead
Molecular basis of oocyte-paracrine signalling that promotes granulosa cell proliferation
J. Cell Sci., September 15, 2006; 119(18): 3811 - 3821.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Hum Reprod UpdateHome page
T. Forges, P. Monnier-Barbarino, B. Leheup, and P. Jouvet
Pathophysiology of impaired ovarian function in galactosaemia
Hum. Reprod. Update, September 1, 2006; 12(5): 573 - 584.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Hum Reprod UpdateHome page
S. Mazerbourg and A. J.W. Hsueh
Genomic analyses facilitate identification of receptors and signalling pathways for growth differentiation factor 9 and related orphan bone morphogenetic protein/growth differentiation factor ligands
Hum. Reprod. Update, July 1, 2006; 12(4): 373 - 383.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Hum ReprodHome page
S. Assou, T. Anahory, V. Pantesco, T. Le Carrour, F. Pellestor, B. Klein, L. Reyftmann, H. Dechaud, J. De Vos, and S. Hamamah
The human cumulus-oocyte complex gene-expression profile
Hum. Reprod., July 1, 2006; 21(7): 1705 - 1719.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
E. Di Pasquale, R. Rossetti, A. Marozzi, B. Bodega, S. Borgato, L. Cavallo, S. Einaudi, G. Radetti, G. Russo, M. Sacco, et al.
Identification of New Variants of Human BMP15 Gene in a Large Cohort of Women with Premature Ovarian Failure
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., May 1, 2006; 91(5): 1976 - 1979.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 ReproductionHome page
I. B Carlsson, M. P E Laitinen, J. E Scott, H. Louhio, L. Velentzis, T. Tuuri, J. Aaltonen, O. Ritvos, R. M L Winston, and O. Hovatta
Kit ligand and c-Kit are expressed during early human ovarian follicular development and their interaction is required for the survival of follicles in long-term culture.
Reproduction, April 1, 2006; 131(4): 641 - 649.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 EndocrinologyHome page
C. Wang and S. K. Roy
Expression of Growth Differentiation Factor 9 in the Oocytes Is Essential for the Development of Primordial Follicles in the Hamster Ovary
Endocrinology, April 1, 2006; 147(4): 1725 - 1734.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 EndocrinologyHome page
B. K. Campbell, C. J. H. Souza, A. J. Skinner, R. Webb, and D. T. Baird
Enhanced Response of Granulosa and Theca Cells from Sheep Carriers of the FecB Mutation in Vitro to Gonadotropins and Bone Morphogenic Protein-2, -4, and -6
Endocrinology, April 1, 2006; 147(4): 1608 - 1620.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 ReproductionHome page
B. C Jayawardana, T. Shimizu, H. Nishimoto, E. Kaneko, M. Tetsuka, and A. Miyamoto
Hormonal regulation of expression of growth differentiation factor-9 receptor type I and II genes in the bovine ovarian follicle.
Reproduction, March 1, 2006; 131(3): 545 - 553.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 EndocrinologyHome page
E. Clelland, G. Kohli, R. K. Campbell, S. Sharma, S. Shimasaki, and C. Peng
Bone Morphogenetic Protein-15 in the Zebrafish Ovary: Complementary Deoxyribonucleic Acid Cloning, Genomic Organization, Tissue Distribution, and Role in Oocyte Maturation
Endocrinology, January 1, 2006; 147(1): 201 - 209.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Hum Reprod UpdateHome page
M. K. Skinner
Regulation of primordial follicle assembly and development
Hum. Reprod. Update, September 1, 2005; 11(5): 461 - 471.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Hum Reprod UpdateHome page
D. Goswami and G. S. Conway
Premature ovarian failure
Hum. Reprod. Update, July 1, 2005; 11(4): 391 - 410.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Biol. Reprod.Home page
P.A. Johnson, M.J. Dickens, T.R. Kent, and J.R. Giles
Expression and Function of Growth Differentiation Factor-9 in an Oviparous Species, Gallus domesticus
Biol Reprod, May 1, 2005; 72(5): 1095 - 1100.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Hum Reprod UpdateHome page
J.L. Juengel and K.P. McNatty
The role of proteins of the transforming growth factor-{beta} superfamily in the intraovarian regulation of follicular development
Hum. Reprod. Update, March 1, 2005; 11(2): 144 - 161.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
N. Kaivo-Oja, D. G. Mottershead, S. Mazerbourg, S. Myllymaa, S. Duprat, R. B. Gilchrist, N. P. Groome, A. J. Hsueh, and O. Ritvos
Adenoviral Gene Transfer Allows Smad-Responsive Gene Promoter Analyses and Delineation of Type I Receptor Usage of Transforming Growth Factor-{beta} Family Ligands in Cultured Human Granulosa Luteal Cells
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., January 1, 2005; 90(1): 271 - 278.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Hum ReprodHome page
L.J. McKenzie, S.A. Pangas, S.A. Carson, E. Kovanci, P. Cisneros, J.E. Buster, P. Amato, and M.M. Matzuk
Human cumulus granulosa cell gene expression: a predictor of fertilization and embryo selection in women undergoing IVF
Hum. Reprod., December 1, 2004; 19(12): 2869 - 2874.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
G. A. R. Maciel, E. C. Baracat, J. A. Benda, S. M. Markham, K. Hensinger, R. J. Chang, and G. F. Erickson
Stockpiling of Transitional and Classic Primary Follicles in Ovaries of Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., November 1, 2004; 89(11): 5321 - 5327.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 ReproductionHome page
T. Shimizu, Y. Miyahayashi, M. Yokoo, Y. Hoshino, H. Sasada, and E. Sato
Molecular cloning of porcine growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF-9) cDNA and its role in early folliculogenesis: direct ovarian injection of GDF-9 gene fragments promotes early folliculogenesis
Reproduction, November 1, 2004; 128(5): 537 - 543.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 ReproductionHome page
K P McNatty, L G Moore, N L Hudson, L D Quirke, S B Lawrence, K Reader, J P Hanrahan, P Smith, N P Groome, M Laitinen, et al.
The oocyte and its role in regulating ovulation rate: a new paradigm in reproductive biology
Reproduction, October 1, 2004; 128(4): 379 - 386.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Biol. Reprod.Home page
S. Pennetier, S. Uzbekova, C. Perreau, P. Papillier, P. Mermillod, and R. Dalbies-Tran
Spatio-Temporal Expression of the Germ Cell Marker Genes MATER, ZAR1, GDF9, BMP15,andVASA in Adult Bovine Tissues, Oocytes, and Preimplantation Embryos
Biol Reprod, October 1, 2004; 71(4): 1359 - 1366.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Biol. Reprod.Home page
R. Prochazka, L. Nemcova, E. Nagyova, and J. Kanka
Expression of Growth Differentiation Factor 9 Messenger RNA in Porcine Growing and Preovulatory Ovarian Follicles
Biol Reprod, October 1, 2004; 71(4): 1290 - 1295.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Biol. Reprod.Home page
J. P. Hanrahan, S. M. Gregan, P. Mulsant, M. Mullen, G. H. Davis, R. Powell, and S. M. Galloway
Mutations in the Genes for Oocyte-Derived Growth Factors GDF9 and BMP15 Are Associated with Both Increased Ovulation Rate and Sterility in Cambridge and Belclare Sheep (Ovis aries)
Biol Reprod, April 1, 2004; 70(4): 900 - 909.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Mol. Endocrinol.Home page
S. Mazerbourg, C. Klein, J. Roh, N. Kaivo-Oja, D. G. Mottershead, O. Korchynskyi, O. Ritvos, and A. J. W. Hsueh
Growth Differentiation Factor-9 Signaling Is Mediated by the Type I Receptor, Activin Receptor-Like Kinase 5
Mol. Endocrinol., March 1, 2004; 18(3): 653 - 665.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Biol. Reprod.Home page
J. Wang and S. K. Roy
Growth Differentiation Factor-9 and Stem Cell Factor Promote Primordial Follicle Formation in the Hamster: Modulation by Follicle-Stimulating Hormone
Biol Reprod, March 1, 2004; 70(3): 577 - 585.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Biol. Reprod.Home page
D. M. Duffy
Growth Differentiation Factor-9 Is Expressed by the Primate Follicle Throughout the Periovulatory Interval
Biol Reprod, August 1, 2003; 69(2): 725 - 732.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Biol. Reprod.Home page
C. Glister, N. P. Groome, and P. G. Knight
Oocyte-Mediated Suppression of Follicle-Stimulating Hormone- and Insulin-Like Growth Factor-Induced Secretion of Steroids and Inhibin-Related Proteins by Bovine Granulosa Cells In Vitro: Possible Role of Transforming Growth Factor {alpha}
Biol Reprod, March 1, 2003; 68(3): 758 - 765.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Biol. Reprod.Home page
B. Mandon-Pepin, A. Oustry-Vaiman, B. Vigier, F. Piumi, E. Cribiu, and C. Cotinot
Expression Profiles and Chromosomal Localization of Genes Controlling Meiosis and Follicular Development in the Sheep Ovary
Biol Reprod, March 1, 2003; 68(3): 985 - 995.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
E. Wiater and W. Vale
Inhibin Is an Antagonist of Bone Morphogenetic Protein Signaling
J. Biol. Chem., February 28, 2003; 278(10): 7934 - 7941.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
N. Kaivo-Oja, J. Bondestam, M. Kamarainen, J. Koskimies, U. Vitt, M. Cranfield, K. Vuojolainen, J. P. Kallio, V. M. Olkkonen, M. Hayashi, et al.
Growth Differentiation Factor-9 Induces Smad2 Activation and Inhibin B Production in Cultured Human Granulosa-Luteal Cells
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., February 1, 2003; 88(2): 755 - 762.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 EndocrinologyHome page
J.-S. Roh, J. Bondestam, S. Mazerbourg, N. Kaivo-Oja, N. Groome, O. Ritvos, and A. J. W. Hsueh
Growth Differentiation Factor-9 Stimulates Inhibin Production and Activates Smad2 in Cultured Rat Granulosa Cells
Endocrinology, January 1, 2003; 144(1): 172 - 178.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Biol. Reprod.Home page
R. A. Taft, J. M. Denegre, F. L. Pendola, and J. J. Eppig
Identification of Genes Encoding Mouse Oocyte Secretory and Transmembrane Proteins by a Signal Sequence Trap
Biol Reprod, September 1, 2002; 67(3): 953 - 960.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Biol. Reprod.Home page
E. E. Nilsson and M. K. Skinner
Growth and Differentiation Factor-9 Stimulates Progression of Early Primary but Not Primordial Rat Ovarian Follicle Development
Biol Reprod, September 1, 2002; 67(3): 1018 - 1024.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Biol. Reprod.Home page
U. A. Vitt, S. Mazerbourg, C. Klein, and A. J.W. Hsueh
Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptor Type II Is a Receptor for Growth Differentiation Factor-9
Biol Reprod, August 1, 2002; 67(2): 473 - 480.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
N. Yamamoto, L. K. Christenson, J. M. MCAllister, and J. F. Strauss III
Growth Differentiation Factor-9 Inhibits 3'5'-Adenosine Monophosphate-Stimulated Steroidogenesis in Human Granulosa and Theca Cells
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., June 1, 2002; 87(6): 2849 - 2856.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
R. Jaatinen, J. Bondestam, T. Raivio, K. Hilden, L. Dunkel, N. Groome, and O. Ritvos
Activation of the Bone Morphogenetic Protein Signaling Pathway Induces Inhibin {beta}B-Subunit mRNA and Secreted Inhibin B Levels in Cultured Human Granulosa-Luteal Cells
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., March 1, 2002; 87(3): 1254 - 1261.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
F. L. Teixeira Filho, E. C. Baracat, T. H. Lee, C. S. Suh, M. Matsui, R. J. Chang, S. Shimasaki, and G. F. Erickson
Aberrant Expression of Growth Differentiation Factor-9 in Oocytes of Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., March 1, 2002; 87(3): 1337 - 1344.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
J. G. Hreinsson, J. E. Scott, C. Rasmussen, M. L. Swahn, A. J. W. Hsueh, and O. Hovatta
Growth Differentiation Factor-9 Promotes the Growth, Development, and Survival of Human Ovarian Follicles in Organ Culture
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., January 1, 2002; 87(1): 316 - 321.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USAHome page
P. Mulsant, F. Lecerf, S. Fabre, L. Schibler, P. Monget, I. Lanneluc, C. Pisselet, J. Riquet, D. Monniaux, I. Callebaut, et al.
Mutation in bone morphogenetic protein receptor-IB is associated with increased ovulation rate in Booroola Merino ewes
PNAS, April 24, 2001; 98(9): 5104 - 5109.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Biol. Reprod.Home page
T. Wilson, X.-Y. Wu, J. L. Juengel, I. K. Ross, J. M. Lumsden, E. A. Lord, K. G. Dodds, G. A. Walling, J. C. McEwan, A. R. O'Connell, et al.
Highly Prolific Booroola Sheep Have a Mutation in the Intracellular Kinase Domain of Bone Morphogenetic Protein IB Receptor (ALK-6) That Is Expressed in Both Oocytes and Granulosa Cells
Biol Reprod, April 1, 2001; 64(4): 1225 - 1235.
[Abstract] [Full Text]

Home page
 Reproductive SciencesHome page
A. R. Zinn
The X Chromosome and the Ovary
Reproductive Sciences, January 1, 2001; 8(1_suppl): S34 - S36.
[Abstract] [PDF]

Home page
 Reproductive SciencesHome page
B. S. Dunbar, S. Prasad, C. Carino, and S. M. Skinner
The Ovary as an Immune Target
Reproductive Sciences, January 1, 2001; 8(1_suppl): S43 - S48.
[Abstract] [PDF]

Home page
 EndocrinologyHome page
U. A. Vitt, E. A. McGee, M. Hayashi, and A. J. W. Hsueh
In Vivo Treatment with GDF-9 Stimulates Primordial and Primary Follicle Progression and Theca Cell Marker CYP17 in Ovaries of Immature Rats
Endocrinology, October 1, 2000; 141(10): 3814 - 3820.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 EndocrinologyHome page
H. Chong, S. A. Pangas, D. J. Bernard, E. Wang, J. Gitch, W. Chen, L. B. Draper, E. T. Cox, and T. K. Woodruff
Structure and Expression of a Membrane Component of the Inhibin Receptor System
Endocrinology, July 1, 2000; 141(7): 2600 - 2607.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Endocr. Rev.Home page
E. A. McGee and A. J. W. Hsueh
Initial and Cyclic Recruitment of Ovarian Follicles
Endocr. Rev., April 1, 2000; 21(2): 200 - 214.
[Abstract] [Full Text]

Home page
 Biol. Reprod.Home page
U.A. Vitt, M. Hayashi, C. Klein, and A.J.W. Hsueh
Growth Differentiation Factor-9 Stimulates Proliferation but Suppresses the Follicle-Stimulating Hormone-Induced Differentiation of Cultured Granulosa Cells from Small Antral and Preovulatory Rat Follicles
Biol Reprod, February 1, 2000; 62(2): 370 - 377.
[Abstract] [Full Text]

Home page
 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
F. Otsuka, Z. Yao, T.-h. Lee, S. Yamamoto, G. F. Erickson, and S. Shimasaki
Bone Morphogenetic Protein-15. IDENTIFICATION OF TARGET CELLS AND BIOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS
J. Biol. Chem., December 8, 2000; 275(50): 39523 - 39528.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Biol. Chem.Home page
F. Otsuka, S. Yamamoto, G. F. Erickson, and S. Shimasaki
Bone Morphogenetic Protein-15 Inhibits Follicle-stimulating Hormone (FSH) Action by Suppressing FSH Receptor Expression
J. Biol. Chem., March 30, 2001; 276(14): 11387 - 11392.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH