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The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism Vol. 84, No. 2 736-742
Copyright © 1999 by The Endocrine Society

Original Studies

Is Visceral Adiposity a Significant Correlate of Subcutaneous Adipose Cell Lipolysis in Men?1

P. Mauriège, M. Brochu, D. Prud’homme, A. Tremblay, A. Nadeau, S. Lemieux and J. P. Després

Lipid Research Center, Laval University Medical Research Center (P.M., D.P., S.L., J.P.D.); Diabetes Research Unit, CHUL Medical Research Center (A.N.), and Physical Activity Sciences Laboratory (P.M., M.B., D.P., A.T.), Laval University, Ste-Foy, Quebec, Canada

Address all correspondence and requests for reprints to: Pascale Mauriège, Ph.D., Lipid Research Center, Laval University Medical Research Center, CHUL, 2705 boulevard Laurier, Ste-Foy, Quebec, Canada G1V 4G2.

The aim of the present study was to examine whether site differences in sc adipose tissue (AT) lipolysis may be considered a contributing factor to the altered metabolic risk profile of visceral compared to peripheral obese men once the concomitant variation in adipose cell size is taken into account. For this purpose, sc abdominal and femoral fat cell lipolytic responses were investigated in two groups of men (body mass index, 28 ± 2 kg/m2), aged 36 ± 3 yr, who were matched for both sc abdominal AT area (256 ± 64 cm2) and sc abdominal adipose cell weight (0.55 ± 0.08 µg lipid/cell) but were characterized by either a high (162 ± 29 cm2; n = 18) or a low (101 ± 21 cm2; n = 18) visceral AT deposition. The maximal lipolytic response to epinephrine or to isoproterenol (ß-adrenergic agonist) as well as the maximal antilipolytic effect of either epinephrine or clonidine ({alpha}2-adrenergic agonist) assessed in sc adipocytes were similar among men with low vs. high levels of visceral AT. However, the ß-adrenoceptor sensitivity was increased in sc abdominal adipose cells of individuals with a high visceral AT accumulation compared to those with a low intraabdominal fat deposition. Positive relationships were also found between the lipolytic sensitivity of sc abdominal adipocytes and plasma insulin concentrations measured in the fasting state and after an oral glucose load. These results suggest that variation in the degree of visceral adiposity in men does not seem to be associated with differences in regional adipose cell maximal lipolytic capacity once fat cell size is taken into account. However, the greater ß-adrenoceptor lipolytic sensitivity of sc abdominal adipocytes could be considered a significant correlate of the increased insulinemia observed among men characterized by high levels of visceral AT.




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