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The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism Vol. 83, No. 9 3225-3229
Copyright © 1998 by The Endocrine Society

Original Studies

Augmented Placental Production of Leptin in Preeclampsia: Possible Involvement of Placental Hypoxia1

Hiroko Mise, Norimasa Sagawa, Tsunekazu Matsumoto, Shigeo Yura, Hidetaka Nanno, Hiroaki Itoh, Takahide Mori, Hiroaki Masuzaki, Kiminori Hosoda, Yoshihiro Ogawa and Kazuwa Nakao

Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics (H.Mi., N.S., T.M., S.Y., H.N., H.I., T.M.), Department of Medicine and Clinical Science (H.Ma., K.H., Y.O., K.N.), Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan

Address all correspondence and requests for reprints to: Norimasa Sagawa M.D., Ph.D., Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, 54 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan. E-mail: fetus{at}kuhp.kyoto-u.ac.jp

Preeclampsia (PE) is a hypertensive disorder, which develops in late pregnancy and is usually associated with placental hypoxia and dysfunction. We have recently demonstrated that leptin is a novel placenta-derived hormone in humans and suggested its significance in human pregnancy (see Ref. 19). To explore the changes in the leptin production in placenta in PE, we measured the plasma leptin level and placental leptin messenger RNA expression in pregnant women with PE. Plasma leptin levels in preeclamptic women were elevated significantly, compared with gestational age- and body mass index-matched normal pregnant women (P < 0.0001). Plasma leptin levels in the severe PE group were significantly higher than those in the mild PE group (P < 0.0001). Plasma leptin levels in preeclamptic women were reduced, soon after the placental delivery, to those expected for their body mass indices. Northern blot analysis revealed that leptin messenger RNA levels are increased in the placentas from preeclamptic women, compared with normal pregnant women. Leptin secretion was increased significantly in a human trophoblastic cell line (BeWo cells) cultured under hypoxic conditions (5% O2), compared with those cultured under standard conditions (20% O2; P < 0.01). The present study demonstrated that placental production of leptin is augmented in severe PE, probably because of placental hypoxia, thereby suggesting the possible significance of leptin as a marker of placental hypoxia in severe PE.




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