This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) Submit a related Letter to the Editor Purchase Article View Shopping Cart Alert me when this article is cited Alert me when eLetters are posted Alert me if a correction is posted Citation Map Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Request Copyright Permission Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Murphy, A. A. Articles by Parthasarathy, S. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Murphy, A. A. Articles by Parthasarathy, S.

Lysophosphatidyl Choline, a Chemotactic Factor for Monocytes/T-Lymphocytes Is Elevated in Endometriosis

Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322

Address all correspondence and requests for reprints to: Ana A. Murphy, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Emory University School of Medicine, 1639 Pierce Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322. E-Mail: amurphy@emory.edu.

Inflammatory processes have been hypothesized to mediate some of the clinical sequelae associated with endometriosis. The peritoneal fluid (PF) of women with endometriosis is known to contain more inflammatory cells and their associated cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors. This work provides strong evidence for oxidative stress in the PF of women with endometriosis. 1) The low density lipoprotein (LDL) isolated from the PF of subjects with endometriosis shows a small but detectable increase in electrophoretic mobility compatible with mildly oxidized LDL compared with LDL isolated from the plasma of the same subjects and PF of controls. 2) Isolated PF-LDL of endometriosis subjects is more readily oxidized in vitro than PF-LDL of controls, or LDL isolated from plasma. 3) Vitamin E content is significantly lower in endometriosis PF compared with controls, and compared with plasma of women with endometriosis and controls. No difference is seen between plasma and PF of control subjects. 4) The ratio of phosphatidylcholine/lyso phosphatidylcholine (Ptd/lyso PtdCho) in the PF of endometriosis subjects is significantly lower compared with PF of controls.

Taken together, these data provide strong evidence for a pro-oxidant environment in the peritoneal cavity of women with endometriosis. Lyso PtdCho, a product derived from phospholipase A₂ action on peroxidized phosphatidylcholine and a potent chemotactic factor for monocytes and T-lymphocytes, is elevated in endometriosis. We hypothesize that the increased presence of lipid peroxidation products in the PF of endometriosis subjects may, at least partly, account for the recruitment of leukocytes, the increase in macrophage activation, the secretion of monocyte–macrophage-derived cytokines, and the endometrial growth- promoting activity associated with endometriosis.

This article has been cited by other articles:

				X. Zhu, J. Learoyd, S. Butt, L. Zhu, P. V. Usatyuk, V. Natarajan, N. M. Munoz, and A. R. Leff Regulation of Eosinophil Adhesion by Lysophosphatidylcholine via a Non-Store-Operated Ca2+ Channel Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol., May 1, 2007; 36(5): 585 - 593. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. Qiao, F. Huang, R. P. Naikawadi, K. S. Kim, T. Said, and H. Lum Lysophosphatidylcholine impairs endothelial barrier function through the G protein-coupled receptor GPR4 Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol, July 1, 2006; 291(1): L91 - L101. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				P. C. Piotrowski, J. Kwintkiewicz, I. J. Rzepczynska, Y. Seval, H. Cakmak, A. Arici, and A. J. Duleba Statins Inhibit Growth of Human Endometrial Stromal Cells Independently of Cholesterol Availability Biol Reprod, July 1, 2006; 75(1): 107 - 111. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				F. Huang, P. V. Subbaiah, O. Holian, J. Zhang, A. Johnson, N. Gertzberg, and H. Lum Lysophosphatidylcholine increases endothelial permeability: role of PKC{alpha} and RhoA cross talk Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol, August 1, 2005; 289(2): L176 - L185. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. Zeitvogel, R. Baumann, and A. Starzinski-Powitz Identification of an Invasive, N-Cadherin-Expressing Epithelial Cell Type in Endometriosis Using a New Cell Culture Model Am. J. Pathol., November 1, 2001; 159(5): 1839 - 1852. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. Ramachandran, M. Song, A. A. Murphy, and S. Parthasarathy Expression of Scavenger Receptor Class B1 in Endometrium and Endometriosis J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., August 1, 2001; 86(8): 3924 - 3928. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				K. Shimoya, A. Moriyama, I. Ogata, T. Nobunaga, M. Koyama, C. Azuma, and Y. Murata Increased concentrations of secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor in peritoneal fluid of women with endometriosis Mol. Hum. Reprod., September 1, 2000; 6(9): 829 - 834. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. D. Blumenthal, M. Samoszuk, A. P. Taylor, G. Brown, R. Alisauskas, and D. M. Goldenberg Degranulating Eosinophils in Human Endometriosis Am. J. Pathol., May 1, 2000; 156(5): 1581 - 1588. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				K. Zhu, L. M. Baudhuin, G. Hong, F. S. Williams, K. L. Cristina, J. H. S. Kabarowski, O. N. Witte, and Y. Xu Sphingosylphosphorylcholine and Lysophosphatidylcholine Are Ligands for the G Protein-coupled Receptor GPR4 J. Biol. Chem., October 26, 2001; 276(44): 41325 - 41335. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]