| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
From the Clinical Research Centers |
Nemours Children’s Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida 32207; Divisions of Endocrinology (N.M., V.H., S.W., A.R.), Physical Therapy (K.H.), and Pediatric Surgery (M.D.), Department of Medicine (J.D.V.), University of Virginia Medical Center, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908; and the Department of Medicine (R.J.U.), University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555-1060
Address all correspondence and requests for reprints to: Nelly Mauras, M.D., Nemours Children’s Clinic, 807 Nira Street, Jacksonville, Florida 32207. E-mail: nmauras{at}nemours.org
To investigate specific effects of androgens on whole body metabolism, we studied six healthy lean men (mean ± SEM age, 23.2 ± 0.5 yr) before and after gonadal steroid suppression with a GnRH analog (Lupron), given twice, 3 weeks apart. Primed infusions of [13C]leucine, indirect calorimetry, isokinetic dynamometry, growth factor measurements, and percutaneous muscle biopsies were performed at baseline (D1) and after 10 weeks of treatment (D2); each subject served as his own control. Testosterone concentrations were markedly suppressed after 10 weeks of treatment (D1, 535 ± 141 ng/dL; D2, 31 ± 9). Leucine’s rate of appearance (index of proteolysis) was markedly suppressed after 10 weeks of hypogonadism (-13%; P = 0.01) as well as the nonoxidative leucine disposal, an index of whole body protein synthesis (-13%; P = 0.01) without any changes in plasma amino acid concentrations. All subjects studied after 10 weeks showed a decrease in fat-free mass, as measured by skinfold calipers and dual emission x-ray absortiometry scans (D1, 56.5 ± 2.9 kg; D2, 54.4 ± 2.5; P = 0.005), and an increase in percent fat mass (D1, 19.2 ± 2.5%; D2, 22.2 ± 2.5; P = 0.001). Rates of lipid oxidation decreased (-31%; P = 0.05) after treatment, with parallel changes in resting energy expenditure (-9%; P = 0.05). Mean and peak GH concentrations (measured every 10 min for 6 h) and GH production rates did not decrease after testosterone deficiency, with an actual increase in basal secretion (P < 0.02). Plasma insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) concentrations did not change significantly after 10 weeks of treatment (D1, 227 ± 44 µg/L; D2, 291 ± 60; P = 0.08). Isokinetic dynamometry of leg extensors at 60° and 180°/s was also decreased after 10 weeks of hypogonadism. Total ribonucleic acid (RNA) was isolated from muscle biopsy samples, and ribonuclease protection assays were performed using human complementary DNA clones for IGF-I, IGF-binding protein-4, myosin, and actin. Ten weeks after Lupron treatment, messenger RNA (mRNA) concentrations of IGF-I decreased significantly, whereas there was a trend toward higher IGF-binding protein-4 concentrations, with no change in myosin or actin mRNA concentrations.
In conclusion, testosterone deficiency in young men is associated with a marked decrease in measures of whole body protein anabolism, decreased strength, decreased fat oxidation, and increased adiposity. These effects of testosterone deficiency are independent of changes in peripheral GH production and IGF-I concentrations, even though im IGF-I mRNA concentrations decrease. These data suggest a direct effect of androgens on whole body lipid and protein metabolism.
This article has been cited by other articles:
 |
|
 |
|
  H. Filipsson and G. Johannsson GH replacement in adults: interactions with other pituitary hormone deficiencies and replacement therapies Eur. J. Endocrinol., November 1, 2009; 161(S1): S85 - S95. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 Q. Jiao, A. M. Pruznak, D. Huber, T. C. Vary, and C. H. Lang Castration differentially alters basal and leucine-stimulated tissue protein synthesis in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, November 1, 2009; 297(5): E1222 - E1232. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. Ophoff, K. Van Proeyen, F. Callewaert, K. De Gendt, K. De Bock, A. Vanden Bosch, G. Verhoeven, P. Hespel, and D. Vanderschueren Androgen Signaling in Myocytes Contributes to the Maintenance of Muscle Mass and Fiber Type Regulation But Not to Muscle Strength or Fatigue Endocrinology, August 1, 2009; 150(8): 3558 - 3566. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
W. Fan, T. Yanase, Y. Nishi, S. Chiba, T. Okabe, M. Nomura, H. Yoshimatsu, S. Kato, R. Takayanagi, and H. Nawata Functional Potentiation of Leptin-Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 Signaling by the Androgen Receptor Endocrinology, December 1, 2008; 149(12): 6028 - 6036. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 H. E. MacLean, W. S. M. Chiu, A. J. Notini, A.-M. Axell, R. A. Davey, J. F. McManus, C. Ma, D. R. Plant, G. S. Lynch, and J. D. Zajac Impaired skeletal muscle development and function in male, but not female, genomic androgen receptor knockout mice FASEB J, August 1, 2008; 22(8): 2676 - 2689. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D. I. Shulman, G. L. Francis, M. R. Palmert, E. A. Eugster, and for the Lawson Wilkins Pediatric Endocrine Society Use of Aromatase Inhibitors in Children and Adolescents With Disorders of Growth and Adolescent Development Pediatrics, April 1, 2008; 121(4): e975 - e983. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 N. Mauras, L. Gonzalez de Pijem, H. Y. Hsiang, P. Desrosiers, R. Rapaport, I. D. Schwartz, K. O. Klein, R. J. Singh, A. Miyamoto, and K. Bishop Anastrozole Increases Predicted Adult Height of Short Adolescent Males Treated with Growth Hormone: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Multicenter Trial for One to Three Years J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., March 1, 2008; 93(3): 823 - 831. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 E. T. Schroeder, C. Castaneda-Sceppa, Ying Wang, E. F. Binder, M. Kawakubo, Y. Stewart, T. Storer, R. Roubenoff, S. Bhasin, K. E. Yarasheski, et al. Hormonal regulators of muscle and metabolism in aging (HORMA): design and conduct of a complex, double masked multicenter trial Clinical Trials, October 1, 2007; 4(5): 560 - 571. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. A Clay, S. Perera, J. M Wagner, M. E Miller, J. B Nelson, and S. L Greenspan Physical Function in Men With Prostate Cancer on Androgen Deprivation Therapy Physical Therapy, October 1, 2007; 87(10): 1325 - 1333. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Brauck, C. J Galban, S. Maderwald, B. L Herrmann, and M. E Ladd Changes in calf muscle elasticity in hypogonadal males before and after testosterone substitution as monitored by magnetic resonance elastography Eur. J. Endocrinol., June 1, 2007; 156(6): 673 - 678. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y. Wu, W. Zhao, J. Zhao, J. Pan, Q. Wu, Y. Zhang, W. A. Bauman, and C. P. Cardozo Identification of Androgen Response Elements in the Insulin-Like Growth Factor I Upstream Promoter Endocrinology, June 1, 2007; 148(6): 2984 - 2993. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 T. Kvorning, M. Andersen, K. Brixen, P. Schjerling, C. Suetta, and K. Madsen Suppression of testosterone does not blunt mRNA expression of myoD, myogenin, IGF, myostatin or androgen receptor post strength training in humans J. Physiol., January 15, 2007; 578(2): 579 - 593. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Kvorning, M. Andersen, K. Brixen, and K. Madsen Suppression of endogenous testosterone production attenuates the response to strength training: a randomized, placebo-controlled, and blinded intervention study Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, December 1, 2006; 291(6): E1325 - E1332. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. J. Toth, C. K. Sites, D. E. Matthews, and P. R. Casson Ovarian suppression with gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist reduces whole body protein turnover in women Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, September 1, 2006; 291(3): E483 - E490. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
I. Sinha-Hikim, M. Cornford, H. Gaytan, M. L. Lee, and S. Bhasin Effects of Testosterone Supplementation on Skeletal Muscle Fiber Hypertrophy and Satellite Cells in Community-Dwelling Older Men J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., August 1, 2006; 91(8): 3024 - 3033. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Bhasin, G. R. Cunningham, F. J. Hayes, A. M. Matsumoto, P. J. Snyder, R. S. Swerdloff, and V. M. Montori Testosterone Therapy in Adult Men with Androgen Deficiency Syndromes: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., June 1, 2006; 91(6): 1995 - 2010. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Singh, J. N. Artaza, W. E. Taylor, M. Braga, X. Yuan, N. F. Gonzalez-Cadavid, and S. Bhasin Testosterone Inhibits Adipogenic Differentiation in 3T3-L1 Cells: Nuclear Translocation of Androgen Receptor Complex with {beta}-Catenin and T-Cell Factor 4 May Bypass Canonical Wnt Signaling to Down-Regulate Adipogenic Transcription Factors Endocrinology, January 1, 2006; 147(1): 141 - 154. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
W. Gao, P. J. Reiser, C. C. Coss, M. A. Phelps, J. D. Kearbey, D. D. Miller, and J. T. Dalton Selective Androgen Receptor Modulator Treatment Improves Muscle Strength and Body Composition and Prevents Bone Loss in Orchidectomized Rats Endocrinology, November 1, 2005; 146(11): 4887 - 4897. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 Y. Chen, J. D Zajac, and H. E MacLean Androgen regulation of satellite cell function J. Endocrinol., July 1, 2005; 186(1): 21 - 31. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 N. Pitteloud, V. K. Mootha, A. A. Dwyer, M. Hardin, H. Lee, K.-F. Eriksson, D. Tripathy, M. Yialamas, L. Groop, D. Elahi, et al. Relationship Between Testosterone Levels, Insulin Sensitivity, and Mitochondrial Function in Men Diabetes Care, July 1, 2005; 28(7): 1636 - 1642. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. S. Day, W. S. Gozansky, R. E. Van Pelt, R. S. Schwartz, and W. M. Kohrt Sex Hormone Suppression Reduces Resting Energy Expenditure and {beta}-Adrenergic Support of Resting Energy Expenditure J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., June 1, 2005; 90(6): 3312 - 3317. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 W. Fan, T. Yanase, M. Nomura, T. Okabe, K. Goto, T. Sato, H. Kawano, S. Kato, and H. Nawata Androgen Receptor Null Male Mice Develop Late-Onset Obesity Caused by Decreased Energy Expenditure and Lipolytic Activity but Show Normal Insulin Sensitivity With High Adiponectin Secretion Diabetes, April 1, 2005; 54(4): 1000 - 1008. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. Vlahopoulos, W. E. Zimmer, G. Jenster, N. S. Belaguli, S. P. Balk, A. O. Brinkmann, R. B. Lanz, V. C. Zoumpourlis, and R. J. Schwartz Recruitment of the Androgen Receptor via Serum Response Factor Facilitates Expression of a Myogenic Gene J. Biol. Chem., March 4, 2005; 280(9): 7786 - 7792. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. D. Veldhuis, J. N. Roemmich, E. J. Richmond, A. D. Rogol, J. C. Lovejoy, M. Sheffield-Moore, N. Mauras, and C. Y. Bowers Endocrine Control of Body Composition in Infancy, Childhood, and Puberty Endocr. Rev., February 1, 2005; 26(1): 114 - 146. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. T. Schroeder, L. Zheng, M. D. Ong, C. Martinez, C. Flores, Y. Stewart, C. Azen, and F. R. Sattler Effects of Androgen Therapy on Adipose Tissue and Metabolism in Older Men J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., October 1, 2004; 89(10): 4863 - 4872. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
I. Sinha-Hikim, W. E. Taylor, N. F. Gonzalez-Cadavid, W. Zheng, and S. Bhasin Androgen Receptor in Human Skeletal Muscle and Cultured Muscle Satellite Cells: Up-Regulation by Androgen Treatment J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., October 1, 2004; 89(10): 5245 - 5255. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 N. A. Evans Current Concepts in Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids Am. J. Sports Med., March 1, 2004; 32(2): 534 - 542. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. J. Woodhouse, N. Gupta, M. Bhasin, A. B. Singh, R. Ross, J. Phillips, and S. Bhasin Dose-Dependent Effects of Testosterone on Regional Adipose Tissue Distribution in Healthy Young Men J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., February 1, 2004; 89(2): 718 - 726. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. Bhasin, W. E. Taylor, R. Singh, J. Artaza, I. Sinha-Hikim, R. Jasuja, H. Choi, and N. F. Gonzalez-Cadavid The Mechanisms of Androgen Effects on Body Composition: Mesenchymal Pluripotent Cell as the Target of Androgen Action J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci., December 1, 2003; 58(12): M1103 - 1110. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. Szulc, B. Claustrat, F. Marchand, and P. D. Delmas Increased Risk of Falls and Increased Bone Resorption in Elderly Men with Partial Androgen Deficiency: The MINOS Study J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., November 1, 2003; 88(11): 5240 - 5247. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Bhasin Testosterone Supplementation for Aging-Associated Sarcopenia J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci., November 1, 2003; 58(11): M1002 - 1008. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
I. Sinha-Hikim, S. M. Roth, M. I. Lee, and S. Bhasin Testosterone-induced muscle hypertrophy is associated with an increase in satellite cell number in healthy, young men Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, July 1, 2003; 285(1): E197 - E205. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Bhasin and K. Herbst Testosterone and Atherosclerosis Progression in Men Diabetes Care, June 1, 2003; 26(6): 1929 - 1931. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Nahrendorf, S. Frantz, K. Hu, C. von zur Muhlen, M. Tomaszewski, H. Scheuermann, R. Kaiser, V. Jazbutyte, S. Beer, W. Bauer, et al. Effect of testosterone on post-myocardial infarction remodeling and function Cardiovasc Res, February 1, 2003; 57(2): 370 - 378. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. L. Herrmann, B. Saller, O. E. Janssen, P. Gocke, A. Bockisch, H. Sperling, K. Mann, and M. Broecker Impact of Estrogen Replacement Therapy in a Male with Congenital Aromatase Deficiency Caused by a Novel Mutation in the CYP19 Gene J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., December 1, 2002; 87(12): 5476 - 5484. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Kilciler, M. Ozata, C. Oktenli, S.Y. Sanisoglu, E. Bolu, N. Bingol, M. Kilciler, I. C. Ozdemir, and M. Kutlu Diurnal Leptin Secretion Is Intact in Male Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism and Is Not Influenced by Exogenous Gonadotropins J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., November 1, 2002; 87(11): 5023 - 5029. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. A. Roy, M. R. Blackman, S. M. Harman, J. D. Tobin, M. Schrager, and E. J. Metter Interrelationships of serum testosterone and free testosterone index with FFM and strength in aging men Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, August 1, 2002; 283(2): E284 - E294. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
I. Sinha-Hikim, J. Artaza, L. Woodhouse, N. Gonzalez-Cadavid, A. B. Singh, M. I. Lee, T. W. Storer, R. Casaburi, R. Shen, and S. Bhasin Testosterone-induced increase in muscle size in healthy young men is associated with muscle fiber hypertrophy Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, July 1, 2002; 283(1): E154 - E164. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. P. Lambert, D. H. Sullivan, S. A. Freeling, D. M. Lindquist, and W. J. Evans Effects of Testosterone Replacement and/or Resistance Exercise on the Composition of Megestrol Acetate Stimulated Weight Gain in Elderly Men: A Randomized Controlled Trial J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., May 1, 2002; 87(5): 2100 - 2106. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. R. Smith, J. S. Finkelstein, F. J. McGovern, A. L. Zietman, M. A. Fallon, D. A. Schoenfeld, and P. W. Kantoff Changes in Body Composition during Androgen Deprivation Therapy for Prostate Cancer J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., February 1, 2002; 87(2): 599 - 603. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Gentili, T. Mulligan, M. Godschalk, J. Clore, J. Patrie, A. Iranmanesh, and J. D. Veldhuis Unequal Impact of Short-Term Testosterone Repletion on the Somatotropic Axis of Young and Older Men J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., February 1, 2002; 87(2): 825 - 834. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. M. Matsumoto Andropause: Clinical Implications of the Decline in Serum Testosterone Levels With Aging in Men J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci., February 1, 2002; 57(2): M76 - 99. [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. B. Singh, S. Hsia, P. Alaupovic, I. Sinha-Hikim, L. Woodhouse, T. A. Buchanan, R. Shen, R. Bross, N. Berman, and S. Bhasin The Effects of Varying Doses of T on Insulin Sensitivity, Plasma Lipids, Apolipoproteins, and C-Reactive Protein in Healthy Young Men J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., January 1, 2002; 87(1): 136 - 143. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. M. Kuhn Anabolic Steroids Recent Prog. Horm. Res., January 1, 2002; 57(1): 411 - 434. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Bhasin, L. Woodhouse, R. Casaburi, A. B. Singh, D. Bhasin, N. Berman, X. Chen, K. E. Yarasheski, L. Magliano, C. Dzekov, et al. Testosterone dose-response relationships in healthy young men Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, December 1, 2001; 281(6): E1172 - E1181. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Basaria, J. T. Wahlstrom, and A. S. Dobs Anabolic-Androgenic Steroid Therapy in the Treatment of Chronic Diseases J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., November 1, 2001; 86(11): 5108 - 5117. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. J. Saad, B. S. Keenan, K. Danadian, V. D. Lewy, and S. A. Arslanian Dihydrotestosterone Treatment in Adolescents with Delayed Puberty: Does it Explain Insulin Resistance of Puberty? J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., October 1, 2001; 86(10): 4881 - 4886. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. J. Snyder Effects of Age on Testicular Function and Consequences of Testosterone Treatment J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., June 1, 2001; 86(6): 2369 - 2372. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
V. Y. Hayes, R. J. Urban, J. Jiang, T. J. Marcell, K. Helgeson, and N. Mauras Recombinant Human Growth Hormone and Recombinant Human Insulin-Like Growth Factor I Diminish the Catabolic Effects of Hypogonadism in Man: Metabolic and Molecular Effects J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., May 1, 2001; 86(5): 2211 - 2219. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. M. Bamman, J. R. Shipp, J. Jiang, B. A. Gower, G. R. Hunter, A. Goodman, C. L. McLafferty Jr., and R. J. Urban Mechanical load increases muscle IGF-I and androgen receptor mRNA concentrations in humans Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, March 1, 2001; 280(3): E383 - E390. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. M. Harman, E. J. Metter, J. D. Tobin, J. Pearson, and M. R. Blackman Longitudinal Effects of Aging on Serum Total and Free Testosterone Levels in Healthy Men J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., February 1, 2001; 86(2): 724 - 731. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. A. Gower and L. Nyman Associations among Oral Estrogen Use, Free Testosterone Concentration, and Lean Body Mass among Postmenopausal Women J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., December 1, 2000; 85(12): 4476 - 4480. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. Mauras, V. Martinez, A. Rini, and J. Guevara-Aguirre Recombinant Human Insulin-Like Growth Factor I Has Significant Anabolic Effects in Adults with Growth Hormone Receptor Deficiency: Studies on Protein, Glucose, and Lipid Metabolism J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., September 1, 2000; 85(9): 3036 - 3042. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. J. Snyder, H. Peachey, J. A. Berlin, P. Hannoush, G. Haddad, A. Dlewati, J. Santanna, L. Loh, D. A. Lenrow, J. H. Holmes, et al. Effects of Testosterone Replacement in Hypogonadal Men J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., August 1, 2000; 85(8): 2670 - 2677. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. Mauras, K. O. O’Brien, K. O. Klein, and V. Hayes Estrogen Suppression in Males: Metabolic Effects J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., July 1, 2000; 85(7): 2370 - 2377. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. Mauras, K. O. O’Brien, S. Welch, A. Rini, K. Helgeson, N. E. Vieira, and A. L. Yergey Insulin-Like Growth Factor I and Growth Hormone (GH) Treatment in GH-Deficient Humans: Differential Effects on Protein, Glucose, Lipid, and Calcium Metabolism J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., April 1, 2000; 85(4): 1686 - 1694. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Is Obesity an Outcome of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Agonist Administration? Analysis of Growth and Body Composition in 110 Patients with Central Precocious Puberty J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., December 1, 1999; 84(12): 4480 - 4488. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. J. Snyder, H. Peachey, P. Hannoush, J. A. Berlin, L. Loh, D. A. Lenrow, J. H. Holmes, A. Dlewati, J. Santanna, C. J. Rosen, et al. Effect of Testosterone Treatment on Body Composition and Muscle Strength in Men Over 65 Years of Age J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., August 1, 1999; 84(8): 2647 - 2653. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Sheffield-Moore, R. J. Urban, S. E. Wolf, J. Jiang, D. H. Catlin, D. N. Herndon, R. R. Wolfe, and A. A. Ferrando Short-Term Oxandrolone Administration Stimulates Net Muscle Protein Synthesis in Young Men J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., August 1, 1999; 84(8): 2705 - 2711. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Giustina and J. D. Veldhuis Pathophysiology of the Neuroregulation of Growth Hormone Secretion in Experimental Animals and the Human Endocr. Rev., December 1, 1998; 19(6): 717 - 797. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. I. Lewis, G. D. Horvitz, D. R. Clemmons, and M. Fournier Role of IGF-I and IGF-binding proteins within diaphragm muscle in modulating the effects of nandrolone Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, February 1, 2002; 282(2): E483 - E490. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. A. Ferrando, M. Sheffield-Moore, C. W. Yeckel, C. Gilkison, J. Jiang, A. Achacosa, S. A. Lieberman, K. Tipton, R. R. Wolfe, and R. J. Urban Testosterone administration to older men improves muscle function: molecular and physiological mechanisms Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, March 1, 2002; 282(3): E601 - E607. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
| Endocrinology | Endocrine Reviews | J. Clin. End. & Metab. |
| Molecular Endocrinology | Recent Prog. Horm. Res. | All Endocrine Journals |
