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Effects of Human Growth Hormone, Insulin-Like Growth Factor I, and Diet and Exercise on Body Composition of Obese Postmenopausal Women¹

Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center and Medical Service, Veterans Affairs Health Care System (J.L.T., G.E.B., U.K.G., J.Y., R.M., A.P., A.R.H.), Palo Alto, California 94304; the Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics, Stanford University (R.M., R.L.H., A.R.H.), Stanford, California 94305

Address all correspondence and requests for reprints to: Andrew R. Hoffman, VA Medical Center, 3801 Miranda Ave., Palo Alto, California 94304; Email: arhoffman@leland.stanford.edu.

To determine the effects of GH and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) administration, diet, and exercise on weight loss, body composition, basal metabolic rate (BMR), muscle strength, and psychological status, 33 moderately obese postmenopausal women (67.1 ± 5.2 yr) participated in a 12-week randomized, double blind study. Participants were placed on a diet that provided 500 Cal/day less than that needed for weight maintenance, and they walked 3 days and strength trained 2 days each week. Subjects also self-injected GH (0.025 mg/kg BW·day), IGF-I (0.015 mg/kg BW·day), a combination of these doses of GH and IGF-I, or placebo (P). Twenty-eight women completed the study, as five subjects dropped out due to intolerable side-effects (e.g. edema). Weight loss occurred in all groups, with the largest decrease occurring in the GH plus IGF-I group (5.6 ± 1.4 kg). Fat mass significantly decreased in all groups, with the largest losses observed in GH and GH plus IGF-I groups (6.3 ± 1.8 and 8.4 ± 2.8 kg, respectively). Despite weight loss, BMR was maintained in all groups. Muscle strength increased with training for all groups, and depression and anxiety scores decreased in groups receiving IGF-I. These data show that obese postmenopausal women can lose weight and fat without compromising fat free mass, BMR, or gains in muscle strength, and that GH and IGF-I given together may enhance fat loss over either given alone.

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