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The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism Vol. 83, No. 3 847-850
Copyright © 1998 by The Endocrine Society

Original Studies

Omental and Subcutaneous Adipose Tissues of Obese Subjects Release Interleukin-6: Depot Difference and Regulation by Glucocorticoid1

Susan K. Fried, Dove A. Bunkin and Andrew S. Greenberg

Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903; and the Energy Metabolism Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts 02111

Address all correspondence and requests for reprints to: Susan K. Fried, Ph.D., Department of Nutritional Sciences, Thompson Hall, Lipman Drive, Cook College, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901-8525.

The purpose of this study was to determine whether human adipocytes from different depots of obese subjects produce interleukin-6 (IL-6) and whether IL-6 release is regulated by glucocorticoids. Fragments of omental and abdominal sc adipose tissue released immunodetectable IL-6 into the medium during acute incubations. Omental adipose tissue released 2–3 times more IL-6 than did sc adipose tissue. Isolated adipocytes prepared from these tissues also released IL-6 (omental > sc), but this accounted for only 10% of the total tissue release. Culture of adipose tissue fragments for 7 days with the glucocorticoid dexamethasone markedly suppressed IL-6 production. These data show for the first time that substantial quantities of IL-6 (up to 75 ng/mL) accumulate in the medium during incubations of both adipocytes and adipose tissue. Although little is known about the effects of IL-6 on adipose tissue, one action is a down-regulation of adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase. The regulated production of this multifunctional cytokine may modulate regional adipose tissue metabolism and may contribute to the recently reported correlation between serum IL-6 and the level of obesity.




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FASEB J, October 1, 2006; 20(12): 2174 - 2176.
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 Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
K. Tsuchiya, T. Yoshimoto, Y. Hirono, T. Tateno, T. Sugiyama, and Y. Hirata
Angiotensin II induces monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 expression via a nuclear factor-{kappa}B-dependent pathway in rat preadipocytes
Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, October 1, 2006; 291(4): E771 - E778.
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 Arch Intern MedHome page
R. Mehra, A. Storfer-Isser, H. L. Kirchner, N. Johnson, N. Jenny, R. P. Tracy, and S. Redline
Soluble interleukin 6 receptor: a novel marker of moderate to severe sleep-related breathing disorder.
Arch Intern Med, September 18, 2006; 166(16): 1725 - 1731.
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 Am. J. Clin. Nutr.Home page
J. Warnberg, E. Nova, L. A Moreno, J. Romeo, M. I Mesana, J. R Ruiz, F. B Ortega, M. Sjostrom, M. Bueno, A. Marcos, et al.
Inflammatory proteins are related to total and abdominal adiposity in a healthy adolescent population: the AVENA Study.
Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, September 1, 2006; 84(3): 505 - 512.
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 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
Y. Bottcher, D. Teupser, B. Enigk, J. Berndt, N. Kloting, M. R. Schon, J. Thiery, M. Bluher, M. Stumvoll, and P. Kovacs
Genetic Variation in the Visfatin Gene (PBEF1) and Its Relation to Glucose Metabolism and Fat-Depot-Specific Messenger Ribonucleic Acid Expression in Humans
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., July 1, 2006; 91(7): 2725 - 2731.
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 Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
R. Krogh-Madsen, P. Plomgaard, K. Moller, B. Mittendorfer, and B. K. Pedersen
Influence of TNF-{alpha} and IL-6 infusions on insulin sensitivity and expression of IL-18 in humans
Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, July 1, 2006; 291(1): E108 - E114.
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 Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical SciencesHome page
M. Maggio, J. M. Guralnik, D. L. Longo, and L. Ferrucci
Interleukin-6 in aging and chronic disease: a magnificent pathway.
J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci., June 1, 2006; 61(6): 575 - 584.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Hum Mol GenetHome page
L. Qi, R. M. van Dam, J. B. Meigs, J. E. Manson, D. Hunter, and F. B. Hu
Genetic variation in IL6 gene and type 2 diabetes: tagging-SNP haplotype analysis in large-scale case-control study and meta-analysis
Hum. Mol. Genet., June 1, 2006; 15(11): 1914 - 1920.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
T. T. Antunes, A. Gagnon, B. Chen, F. Pacini, T. J. Smith, and A. Sorisky
Interleukin-6 release from human abdominal adipose cells is regulated by thyroid-stimulating hormone: effect of adipocyte differentiation and anatomic depot
Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, June 1, 2006; 290(6): E1140 - E1144.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 ANGIOLOGYHome page
G. Efstratiadis, G. Tsiaousis, V. G. Athyros, D. Karagianni, A. Pavlitou-Tsiontsi, A. Giannakou-Darda, and C. Manes
Total Serum Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 and C-Reactive Protein in Metabolic Syndrome With or Without Diabetes
Angiology, May 1, 2006; 57(3): 303 - 311.
[Abstract] [PDF]

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 Diabetes CareHome page
A. Lecube, C. Hernandez, J. Genesca, and R. Simo
Glucose Abnormalities in Patients with Hepatitis C Virus Infection: Epidemiology and pathogenesis
Diabetes Care, May 1, 2006; 29(5): 1140 - 1149.
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 Psychosom. Med.Home page
T. W. McDade, L. C. Hawkley, and J. T. Cacioppo
Psychosocial and Behavioral Predictors of Inflammation in Middle-Aged and Older Adults: The Chicago Health, Aging, and Social Relations Study
Psychosom Med, May 1, 2006; 68(3): 376 - 381.
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 Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
J. M. Bruun, J. W. Helge, B. Richelsen, and B. Stallknecht
Diet and exercise reduce low-grade inflammation and macrophage infiltration in adipose tissue but not in skeletal muscle in severely obese subjects
Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, May 1, 2006; 290(5): E961 - E967.
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 DiabetesHome page
D. Chida, T. Osaka, O. Hashimoto, and Y. Iwakura
Combined interleukin-6 and interleukin-1 deficiency causes obesity in young mice.
Diabetes, April 1, 2006; 55(4): 971 - 977.
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 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
M. E. Trujillo, M.-J. Lee, S. Sullivan, J. Feng, S. H. Schneider, A. S. Greenberg, and S. K. Fried
Tumor Necrosis Factor {alpha} and Glucocorticoid Synergistically Increase Leptin Production in Human Adipose Tissue: Role for p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., April 1, 2006; 91(4): 1484 - 1490.
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 Am. J. Clin. Nutr.Home page
K. Kalantar-Zadeh, N. Kuwae, D. Y Wu, R. S Shantouf, D. Fouque, S. D Anker, G. Block, and J. D Kopple
Associations of body fat and its changes over time with quality of life and prospective mortality in hemodialysis patients
Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, February 1, 2006; 83(2): 202 - 210.
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 Am. J. Clin. Nutr.Home page
A. S Greenberg and M. S Obin
Obesity and the role of adipose tissue in inflammation and metabolism
Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, February 1, 2006; 83(2): 461S - 465S.
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 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
A. R. Vasudevan, H. Wu, A. M. Xydakis, P. H. Jones, E. O. Smith, J. F. Sweeney, D. B. Corry, and C. M. Ballantyne
Eotaxin and Obesity
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., January 1, 2006; 91(1): 256 - 261.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 EndocrinologyHome page
E. R. Hugo, T. D. Brandebourg, C. E. S. Comstock, K. S. Gersin, J. J. Sussman, and N. Ben-Jonathan
LS14: A Novel Human Adipocyte Cell Line that Produces Prolactin
Endocrinology, January 1, 2006; 147(1): 306 - 313.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Eur J EndocrinolHome page
A. E Malavazos, E. Cereda, L. Morricone, C. Coman, M. M Corsi, and B. Ambrosi
Monocyte chemoattractant protein 1: a possible link between visceral adipose tissue-associated inflammation and subclinical echocardiographic abnormalities in uncomplicated obesity
Eur. J. Endocrinol., December 1, 2005; 153(6): 871 - 877.
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 DiabetesHome page
O. P. Kristiansen and T. Mandrup-Poulsen
Interleukin-6 and Diabetes: The Good, the Bad, or the Indifferent?
Diabetes, December 1, 2005; 54(suppl_2): S114 - S124.
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 Nephrol Dial TransplantHome page
R. M. van Ree, A. P. J. de Vries, L. H. Oterdoom, T. H. The, R. T. Gansevoort, J. J. Homan van der Heide, W. J. van Son, R. J. Ploeg, P. E. de Jong, R. O. B. Gans, et al.
Abdominal obesity and smoking are important determinants of C-reactive protein in renal transplant recipients
Nephrol. Dial. Transplant., November 1, 2005; 20(11): 2524 - 2531.
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 J. Lipid Res.Home page
S. Cinti, G. Mitchell, G. Barbatelli, I. Murano, E. Ceresi, E. Faloia, S. Wang, M. Fortier, A. S. Greenberg, and M. S. Obin
Adipocyte death defines macrophage localization and function in adipose tissue of obese mice and humans
J. Lipid Res., November 1, 2005; 46(11): 2347 - 2355.
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 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
I. Dahlman, M. Kaaman, T. Olsson, G. D. Tan, A. S. T. Bickerton, K. Wahlen, J. Andersson, E. A. Nordstrom, L. Blomqvist, A. Sjogren, et al.
A Unique Role of Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein 1 among Chemokines in Adipose Tissue of Obese Subjects
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., October 1, 2005; 90(10): 5834 - 5840.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 DiabetesHome page
J. Berndt, N. Kloting, S. Kralisch, P. Kovacs, M. Fasshauer, M. R. Schon, M. Stumvoll, and M. Bluher
Plasma Visfatin Concentrations and Fat Depot-Specific mRNA Expression in Humans
Diabetes, October 1, 2005; 54(10): 2911 - 2916.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

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 Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
S. Kralisch, J. Klein, U. Lossner, M. Bluher, R. Paschke, M. Stumvoll, and M. Fasshauer
Interleukin-6 is a negative regulator of visfatin gene expression in 3T3-L1 adipocytes
Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, October 1, 2005; 289(4): E586 - E590.
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 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
G. Sesti, L. Perego, M. Cardellini, F. Andreozzi, C. Ricasoli, P. Vedani, V. Guzzi, M. Marchi, M. Paganelli, G. Ferla, et al.
Impact of Common Polymorphisms in Candidate Genes for Insulin Resistance and Obesity on Weight Loss of Morbidly Obese Subjects after Laparoscopic Adjustable Gastric Banding and Hypocaloric Diet
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., September 1, 2005; 90(9): 5064 - 5069.
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 DiabetesHome page
R. Cancello, C. Henegar, N. Viguerie, S. Taleb, C. Poitou, C. Rouault, M. Coupaye, V. Pelloux, D. Hugol, J.-L. Bouillot, et al.
Reduction of Macrophage Infiltration and Chemoattractant Gene Expression Changes in White Adipose Tissue of Morbidly Obese Subjects After Surgery-Induced Weight Loss
Diabetes, August 1, 2005; 54(8): 2277 - 2286.
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 EndocrinologyHome page
P. J. Klover, A. H. Clementi, and R. A. Mooney
Interleukin-6 Depletion Selectively Improves Hepatic Insulin Action in Obesity
Endocrinology, August 1, 2005; 146(8): 3417 - 3427.
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 Postgrad. Med. J.Home page
S Vale
Psychosocial stress and cardiovascular diseases
Postgrad. Med. J., July 1, 2005; 81(957): 429 - 435.
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 J. Appl. Physiol.Home page
P. Plomgaard, P. Keller, C. Keller, and B. K. Pedersen
TNF-{alpha}, but not IL-6, stimulates plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 expression in human subcutaneous adipose tissue
J Appl Physiol, June 1, 2005; 98(6): 2019 - 2023.
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 Circ. Res.Home page
Y.-H. Yu and H. N. Ginsberg
Adipocyte Signaling and Lipid Homeostasis: Sequelae of Insulin-Resistant Adipose Tissue
Circ. Res., May 27, 2005; 96(10): 1042 - 1052.
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 J Am Coll CardiolHome page
C. Kasapis and P. D. Thompson
The Effects of Physical Activity on Serum C-Reactive Protein and Inflammatory Markers: A Systematic Review
J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., May 17, 2005; 45(10): 1563 - 1569.
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 Circ. Res.Home page
A. H. Berg and P. E. Scherer
Adipose Tissue, Inflammation, and Cardiovascular Disease
Circ. Res., May 13, 2005; 96(9): 939 - 949.
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 Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol.Home page
D. C. W. Lau, B. Dhillon, H. Yan, P. E. Szmitko, and S. Verma
Adipokines: molecular links between obesity and atheroslcerosis
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, May 1, 2005; 288(5): H2031 - H2041.
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 Arch Intern MedHome page
B. H. Goodpaster, S. Krishnaswami, T. B. Harris, A. Katsiaras, S. B. Kritchevsky, E. M. Simonsick, M. Nevitt, P. Holvoet, and A. B. Newman
Obesity, Regional Body Fat Distribution, and the Metabolic Syndrome in Older Men and Women
Arch Intern Med, April 11, 2005; 165(7): 777 - 783.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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