This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) Submit a related Letter to the Editor Alert me when this article is cited Alert me when eLetters are posted Alert me if a correction is posted Citation Map Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Request Copyright Permission Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by O’Brien, S. N. Articles by Price, T. M. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by O’Brien, S. N. Articles by Price, T. M.

Identification of Progesterone Receptor in Human Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue

Greenville Hospital System/Clemson University Biomedical Cooperative Research Program, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634

Address all correspondence and requests for reprints to: Susan N. O’Brien, Greenville Hospital System/Clemson University Biomedical Cooperative, Clemson University, 124 Long Hall, Clemson, South Carolina 29634-5112.

Sex steroids are postulated to play a role in adipose tissue regulation and distribution, because the amount and location of adipose tissue changes during puberty and menopause. Because of the nature of adipose tissue, receptors for the female sex steroids have been difficult to demonstrate. To date, estrogen receptor messenger RNA and protein have been identified in human subcutaneous adipose tissue, but the presence of progesterone receptor (PR) has not been reported. In this study, we demonstrate PR message by Northern blot analysis in RNA isolated from the abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue of premenopausal women. These preliminary studies revealed that PR messenger RNA levels are higher in the stromal-vascular fraction as opposed to the adipocyte fraction. Western blot analysis demonstrates both PR protein isoforms (human PR-A and human PR-B) in human subcutaneous adipose tissue. Using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, total PR could be quantitated. These studies substantiate that sex steroid receptors are present in human adipose tissue, thereby providing a direct route for regulation of adipose tissue by female sex steroids.

This article has been cited by other articles:

				G. Madsen, D. A. MacIntyre, S. Mesiano, and R. Smith Progesterone Receptor or Cytoskeletal Protein? Reproductive Sciences, April 1, 2007; 14(3): 217 - 222. [Abstract] [PDF]

				M. Monjo, E. Pujol, and P. Roca {alpha}2- to {beta}3-Adrenoceptor switch in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and adipocytes: modulation by testosterone, 17{beta}-estradiol, and progesterone Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, July 1, 2005; 289(1): E145 - E150. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. Leminen, T. Raivio, S. Ranta, J. Oehler, H. von Hertzen, O. A Janne, and O. Heikinheimo Late follicular phase administration of mifepristone suppresses circulating leptin and FSH - mechanism(s) of action in emergency contraception? Eur. J. Endocrinol., March 1, 2005; 152(3): 411 - 418. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. Blanchette, K. Blouin, C. Richard, P. Dupont, V. Luu-The, and A. Tchernof Expression and Activity of 20{alpha}-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase (AKR1C1) in Abdominal Subcutaneous and Omental Adipose Tissue in Women J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., January 1, 2005; 90(1): 264 - 270. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. Rodriguez-Cuenca, M. Monjo, A. M. Proenza, and P. Roca Depot differences in steroid receptor expression in adipose tissue: possible role of the local steroid milieu Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, January 1, 2005; 288(1): E200 - E207. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. Monjo, A. M. Rodriguez, A. Palou, and P. Roca Direct Effects of Testosterone, 17{beta}-Estradiol, and Progesterone on Adrenergic Regulation in Cultured Brown Adipocytes: Potential Mechanism for Gender-Dependent Thermogenesis Endocrinology, November 1, 2003; 144(11): 4923 - 4930. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				Q. He, M. Horlick, J. Thornton, J. Wang, R. N. Pierson Jr., S. Heshka, and D. Gallagher Sex and Race Differences in Fat Distribution among Asian, African-American, and Caucasian Prepubertal Children J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., May 1, 2002; 87(5): 2164 - 2170. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				G. Fruhbeck, J. Gomez-Ambrosi, F. J. Muruzabal, and M. A. Burrell The adipocyte: a model for integration of endocrine and metabolic signaling in energy metabolism regulation Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, June 1, 2001; 280(6): E827 - E847. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. Rosenbaum and R. L. Leibel Role of Gonadal Steroids in the Sexual Dimorphisms in Body Composition and Circulating Concentrations of Leptin J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., June 1, 1999; 84(6): 1784 - 1789. [Full Text]

				S. H. Baker, S. Jin, H. C. Aldrich, G. T. Howard, and J. M. Shively Insertion Mutation of the Form I cbbL Gene Encoding Ribulose Bisphosphate Carboxylase/Oxygenase (RuBisCO) in Thiobacillus neapolitanus Results in Expression of Form II RuBisCO, Loss of Carboxysomes, and an Increased CO2 Requirement for Growth J. Bacteriol., August 15, 1998; 180(16): 4133 - 4139. [Abstract] [Full Text]