This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) Submit a related Letter to the Editor Purchase Article View Shopping Cart Alert me when this article is cited Alert me when eLetters are posted Alert me if a correction is posted Citation Map Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Request Copyright Permission Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Langlois, J. A. Articles by Kiel, D. P. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Langlois, J. A. Articles by Kiel, D. P.

Association Between Insulin-Like Growth Factor I and Bone Mineral Density in Older Women and Men: The Framingham Heart Study¹

Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry Program (J.A.L., M.V., T.H.), National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892; St. Joseph Hospital (C.J.R.), Bangor, Maine 04401; Hebrew Rehabilitation Center for Aged (M.T.H., D.P.K.), Research and Training Institute, and Harvard Medical School Division on Aging, Boston, Massachusetts 02131; National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute’s Framingham Heart Study (P.W.F.W.), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892

Address all correspondence and requests for reprints to: Jean A. Langlois, Division of Acute Care, Rehabilitation Research, and Disability Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway, NE (MS F-41), Atlanta, Georgia 30341-3724. E-mail: JAL7{at}CDC.GOV

Few studies of the GH axis and bone have focused specifically on elderly people. The objective of this study was to determine the association between insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and bone mineral density (BMD) in 425 women and 257 men aged 72–94 who participated in the Framingham Osteoporosis Study component of the Framingham Heart Study in 1992–1993. Serum IGF-I level was determined by RIA. BMD at three femoral sites and the lumbar spine was determined by dual x-ray absorptiometry, and at the radius by single-photon absorptiometry. IGF-I level was positively associated with BMD at all five sites (Ward’s area, femoral neck, trochanter, radius, and lumbar spine) in women after adjustment for weight loss and other factors (P 0.01) and protein intake in a subset of participants (0.006 < P < 0.07). A threshold effect of higher BMD was evident at each of the 3 femoral sites and the spine (P < 0.03) but not at the radius for women in the highest quintile of IGF-I (179 g/liter) vs. those in the lowest four quintiles. IGF-I was not significantly associated with BMD in men. These results indicate that higher IGF-I levels are associated with greater BMD in very old women, and suggest that future clinical trials employing GH may have a role in the development of treatments for older women with osteoporosis.

This article has been cited by other articles:

				E. Canalis, A. Giustina, and J. P. Bilezikian Mechanisms of Anabolic Therapies for Osteoporosis N. Engl. J. Med., August 30, 2007; 357(9): 905 - 916. [Full Text] [PDF]

				O. I. Okereke, J. H. Kang, J. Ma, J. M. Gaziano, and F. Grodstein Midlife Plasma Insulin-Like Growth Factor I and Cognitive Function in Older Men J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., November 1, 2006; 91(11): 4306 - 4312. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. M. Martin, J. M. P. Holly, G. Davey Smith, and D. Gunnell Associations of Adiposity from Childhood into Adulthood with Insulin Resistance and the Insulin-Like Growth Factor System: 65-Year Follow-Up of the Boyd Orr Cohort J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., September 1, 2006; 91(9): 3287 - 3295. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. Yakar, M. L Bouxsein, E. Canalis, H. Sun, V. Glatt, C. Gundberg, P. Cohen, D. Hwang, Y. Boisclair, D. LeRoith, et al. The ternary IGF complex influences postnatal bone acquisition and the skeletal response to intermittent parathyroid hormone. J. Endocrinol., May 1, 2006; 189(2): 289 - 299. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				K Iida, C J Rosen, C Ackert-Bicknell, and M O Thorner Genetic differences in the IGF-I gene among inbred strains of mice with different serum IGF-I levels J. Endocrinol., September 1, 2005; 186(3): 481 - 489. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. A. M. Salih, S. Mohan, Y. Kasukawa, G. Tripathi, F. A. Lovett, N. F. Anderson, E. J. Carter, J. E. Wergedal, D. J. Baylink, and J. M. Pell Insulin-Like Growth Factor-Binding Protein-5 Induces a Gender-Related Decrease in Bone Mineral Density in Transgenic Mice Endocrinology, February 1, 2005; 146(2): 931 - 940. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. Dovio, L. Perazzolo, G. Osella, M. Ventura, A. Termine, E. Milano, A. Bertolotto, and A. Angeli Immediate Fall of Bone Formation and Transient Increase of Bone Resorption in the Course of High-Dose, Short-Term Glucocorticoid Therapy in Young Patients with Multiple Sclerosis J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., October 1, 2004; 89(10): 4923 - 4928. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. M. Fitts, R. M. Klein, and C. A. Powers Comparison of Tamoxifen and Testosterone Propionate in Male Rats: Differential Prevention of Orchidectomy Effects on Sex Organs, Bone Mass, Growth, and the Growth Hormone-IGF-I Axis J Androl, July 1, 2004; 25(4): 523 - 534. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				H. J. Hosea, C. G. Taylor, T. Wood, R. Mollard, and H. A. Weiler Zinc-Deficient Rats Have More Limited Bone Recovery During Repletion Than Diet-Restricted Rats Experimental Biology and Medicine, April 1, 2004; 229(4): 303 - 311. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				F. Rivadeneira, J. J. Houwing-Duistermaat, N. Vaessen, J. M. Vergeer-Drop, A. Hofman, H. A. P. Pols, C. M. van Duijn, and A. G. Uitterlinden Association between an Insulin-Like Growth Factor I Gene Promoter Polymorphism and Bone Mineral Density in the Elderly: The Rotterdam Study J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., August 1, 2003; 88(8): 3878 - 3884. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. Yakar and C. J. Rosen From Mouse to Man: Redefining the Role of Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I in the Acquisition of Bone Mass Experimental Biology and Medicine, March 1, 2003; 228(3): 245 - 252. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				Z. K. (F. Roughead and H. C. Lukaski Inadequate Copper Intake Reduces Serum Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I and Bone Strength in Growing Rats Fed Graded Amounts of Copper and Zinc J. Nutr., February 1, 2003; 133(2): 442 - 448. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				N. D. Borofsky, J. H. Vogelman, R. A. Krajcik, and N. Orentreich Utility of Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 as a Biomarker in Epidemiologic Studies Clin. Chem., December 1, 2002; 48(12): 2248 - 2251. [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. A. Khalil, E. A. Lucas, S. Juma, B. J. Smith, M. E. Payton, and B. H. Arjmandi Soy Protein Supplementation Increases Serum Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I in Young and Old Men but Does Not Affect Markers of Bone Metabolism J. Nutr., September 1, 2002; 132(9): 2605 - 2608. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. J. Rosen and J. P. Bilezikian Anabolic Therapy for Osteoporosis J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., March 1, 2001; 86(3): 957 - 964. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				Y. Arai, N. Hirose, K. Yamamura, K.-i. Shimizu, M. Takayama, Y. Ebihara, and Y. Osono Serum Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 in Centenarians: Implications of IGF-1 as a Rapid Turnover Protein J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci., February 1, 2001; 56(2): 79M - 82. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				G. Ravaglia, P. Forti, F. Maioli, B. Nesi, L. Pratelli, D. Cucinotta, L. Bastagli, and G. Cavalli Body Composition, Sex Steroids, IGF-1, and Bone Mineral Status in Aging Men J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci., September 1, 2000; 55(9): 516M - 521. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				M. Hotta, I. Fukuda, K. Sato, N. Hizuka, T. Shibasaki, and K. Takano The Relationship between Bone Turnover and Body Weight, Serum Insulin-Like Growth Factor (IGF) I, and Serum IGF-Binding Protein Levels in Patients with Anorexia Nervosa J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., January 1, 2000; 85(1): 200 - 206. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				C. J. Rosen Serum Insulin-like Growth Factors and Insulin-like Growth Factor-binding Proteins: Clinical Implications Clin. Chem., August 1, 1999; 45(8): 1384 - 1390. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				H. Yu Comment on Association between Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I (IGF-I) and Bone Mineral Density: Further Evidence Linking IGF-I to Breast Cancer Risk J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., May 1, 1999; 84(5): 1760 - 1761. [Full Text]

				B. C. Nindl, C. R. Scoville, K. M. Sheehan, C. D. Leone, and R. P. Mello Gender differences in regional body composition and somatotrophic influences of IGF-I and leptin J Appl Physiol, April 1, 2002; 92(4): 1611 - 1618. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]