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The Effect of Two Frequent Amino Acid Variants of the Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor-1 Gene on Estimates of the Pancreatic ß-Cell Function in Caucasian Glucose-Tolerant First-Degree Relatives of Type 2 Diabetic Patients¹

Steno Diabetes Center and Hagedorn Research Institute (S.A.U., A.M.M., C.T.E., T.H., O.P.), Gentofte, Denmark; Department of Medicine M (Endocrinology and Diabetes) (B.N., O.S.), Kommunehospitalet, University Hospital of Aarhus, Copenhagen, Denmark; University Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Genetics (H.E.), Department of Medical Genetics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Center of Preventive Medicine (J.O.C.), Glostrup University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark

Address all correspondence and requests for reprints to: Søren Urhammer, M.D., Steno Diabetes Center, Niels Steensens Vej 2, DK-2820 Gentofte, Copenhagen, Denmark.

The objective of the present study was to investigate whether the frequent amino acid polymorphisms, Ile/Leu27 and Ser/Asn487, of the hepatocyte nuclear factor-1 gene were associated with alterations in glucose-induced serum C-peptide and serum insulin responses among glucose-tolerant first-degree relatives of type 2 diabetic patients. The study comprised 2 independent Danish cohorts. Among 74 unrelated type 2 diabetic relatives, 12 homozygous carriers of the Ile/Leu27 polymorphism had a 32% decrease in the 30-min serum C-peptide level (P = 0.01), as well as a 39% decrease in the 30-min serum insulin level (P = 0.02) during an oral glucose tolerance test. Ten homozygous carriers of the Ile/Leu27 variant did, however, not differ from wild-type carriers, with respect to the acute circulating insulin and serum C-peptide responses during an iv glucose tolerance test in the same study cohort. In a larger (more than 3-fold) study group of 230 glucose tolerant offspring of 62 type 2 diabetic probands, 33 homozygous carriers of the Ile/Leu27 variant did not differ, with respect to either serum insulin and serum C-peptide levels during an oral glucose tolerance test or acute serum insulin and serum C-peptide responses during an iv glucose tolerance test. We therefore consider the former positive finding as a statistical type I error. There were no differences in the above mentioned variables between carriers of the Ser/Asn487 polymorphism and wild-type carriers within any of the 2 study populations. Nor did carriers of combined genotypes, i.e. carriers of both the Ile/Leu27 and the Ser/Asn487 variants, show any associations with the examined variables. In conclusion, the Ile/Leu27 and Ser/Asn487 polymorphisms of the hepatocyte nuclear factor-1 gene have apparently no major impact on the pancreatic ß-cell function, after an oral and iv glucose challenge, in Caucasian first-degree relatives of type 2 diabetic patients.

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