help button home button Endocrine Society JCEM JCEM Call for Nominations for EIC
HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS
This Article
Right arrow Full Text
Right arrow Full Text (PDF)
Right arrow Submit a related Letter to the Editor
Right arrow Purchase Article
Right arrow View Shopping Cart
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me when eLetters are posted
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Right arrow Citation Map
Services
Right arrow Email this article to a friend
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrow Request Copyright Permission
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via HighWire
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Garcia-Mayor, R. V.
Right arrow Articles by Casanueva, F. F.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Garcia-Mayor, R. V.
Right arrow Articles by Casanueva, F. F.
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism Vol. 82, No. 9 2849-2855
Copyright © 1997 by The Endocrine Society

Original Studies

Serum Leptin Levels in Normal Children: Relationship to Age, Gender, Body Mass Index, Pituitary-Gonadal Hormones, and Pubertal Stage1

Ricardo V. Garcia-Mayor, M. Amalia Andrade, Monserrat Rios, Mary Lage, Carlos Dieguez and Felipe F. Casanueva

Endocrine Division (R.V.G-M.) and Clinical Chemistry Laboratory (M.A.A., M.R.), Hospital Xeral, Vigo; Endocrine Division Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago, Department of Medicine (M.L., F.F.C.) and Department of Physiology (C.D.), University of Santiago de Compostela. E-15780 Santiago de Compostela, Spain

Address all correspondence and requests for reprints to: F. F. Casanueva, P.O. Box 563, E-15780, Santiago de Compostela, Spain. E-mail: meffcasa{at}uscmail.usc.es

It is commonly accepted that at least in girls puberty starts when a minimum level of body mass or a certain amount of body fat are present. However the precise signal by which adipose stores inform the hypothalamus of the degree of energetic reserves is unknown. Leptin is a hormone produced by the adipocytes to regulate food intake and energy expenditure at the hypothalamic level. To understand whether leptin is the adipose tissue signal that allows puberty, 789 normal children of both sexes, age 5–15 yr, were transversally studied. Leptin levels, as well as gonadal and gonadotropins levels, were analyzed in addition to the determination of auxological parameters.

In an age-related analysis, leptin levels in girls rose from 5–15 yr (from 4.3 ± 0.4 to 8.5 ± 0.9 µg/L) in parallel with body weight. Boys always had lower leptin levels than girls (3.3 ± 0.3 µg/L at 5 yr), but they rose in parallel with weight until 10 yr (5.3 ± 0.7 µg/L), when a striking decrease was observed until 15 yr (3.0 ± 0.3 µg/L). In girls, leptin was the first hormone to rise followed by FSH and later by LH and estradiol. A similar pattern occurred in boys, despite the fact that leptin dropped after 10 yr when testosterone rises. Divided into three pubertal stages, i.e. P1 = prepuberty, P2 = early puberty, and P3 = overt puberty, in girls the four hormones rose progressively from P1 to P3, but from P2 to P3 the percent increment was greater for LH and estradiol. In boys, leptin decreased from P1 to P3, whereas FSH, LH, and testosterone rose. The age-related changes were not caused by adiposity variations, because data did not change when subtracting values of children over 97% of standard deviation score of body mass index.

In conclusion: 1) leptin appears to increase in both boys and girls before the appearance of other reproductive hormones related to puberty; 2) leptin levels in boys are always lower than in girls, although they increase with age until the age 10 yr; 3) leptin in boys declines about the time testosterone increases. Leptin may well be a permissive factor for the initiation of pubertal events.




This article has been cited by other articles:


Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
A. F. Fleisch, N. Agarwal, M. D. Roberts, J. C. Han, K. R. Theim, A. Vexler, J. Troendle, S. Z. Yanovski, and J. A. Yanovski
Influence of Serum Leptin on Weight and Body Fat Growth in Children at High Risk for Adult Obesity
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., March 1, 2007; 92(3): 948 - 954.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Eur J EndocrinolHome page
V. Nobili, M. Manco, P. Ciampalini, V. Diciommo, R. Devito, F. Piemonte, D. Comparcola, R. Guidi, and M. Marcellini
Leptin, free leptin index, insulin resistance and liver fibrosis in children with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
Eur. J. Endocrinol., November 1, 2006; 155(5): 735 - 743.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 ReproductionHome page
A G Ricci, M P Di Yorio, and A G Faletti
Inhibitory effect of leptin on the rat ovary during the ovulatory process.
Reproduction, November 1, 2006; 132(5): 771 - 780.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 EndocrinologyHome page
L. R. Franca, M. O. Suescun, J. R. Miranda, A. Giovambattista, M. Perello, E. Spinedi, and R. S. Calandra
Testis Structure and Function in a Nongenetic Hyperadipose Rat Model at Prepubertal and Adult Ages
Endocrinology, March 1, 2006; 147(3): 1556 - 1563.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Arch. Dis. Child.Home page
S Zukauskaite, D Lasiene, L Lasas, B Urbonaite, and P Hindmarsh
Onset of breast and pubic hair development in 1231 preadolescent Lithuanian schoolgirls
Arch. Dis. Child., September 1, 2005; 90(9): 932 - 936.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Arch. Dis. Child.Home page
J H Davies, B A J Evans, and J W Gregory
Bone mass acquisition in healthy children
Arch. Dis. Child., April 1, 2005; 90(4): 373 - 378.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.Home page
R. Varraso, V. Siroux, J. Maccario, I. Pin, F. Kauffmann, and on behalf of the Epidemiological Study on the Gene
Asthma Severity Is Associated with Body Mass Index and Early Menarche in Women
Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., February 15, 2005; 171(4): 334 - 339.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Diabetes CareHome page
P.-L. Tsou, Y.-D. Jiang, C.-C. Chang, J.-N. Wei, F.-C. Sung, C.-C. Lin, C.-C. Chiang, T.-Y. Tai, and L.-M. Chuang
Sex-Related Differences Between Adiponectin and Insulin Resistance in Schoolchildren
Diabetes Care, February 1, 2004; 27(2): 308 - 313.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Hum Reprod UpdateHome page
T. M. Plant and M. L. Barker-Gibb
Neurobiological mechanisms of puberty in higher primates
Hum. Reprod. Update, January 1, 2004; 10(1): 67 - 77.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci.Home page
D. APTER
The Role of Leptin in Female Adolescence
Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci., November 1, 2003; 997(1): 64 - 76.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
M. E. Wilson, J. Fisher, K. Chikazawa, R. Yoda, A. Legendre, D. Mook, and K. G. Gould
Leptin Administration Increases Nocturnal Concentrations of Luteinizing Hormone and Growth Hormone in Juvenile Female Rhesus Monkeys
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., October 1, 2003; 88(10): 4874 - 4883.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
D. R. Mann, A. O. K. Johnson, T. Gimpel, and V. D. Castracane
Changes in Circulating Leptin, Leptin Receptor, and Gonadal Hormones from Infancy until Advanced Age in Humans
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., July 1, 2003; 88(7): 3339 - 3345.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Biol. Reprod.Home page
M. Leonhardt, J. Lesage, D. Croix, I. Dutriez-Casteloot, J. C. Beauvillain, and J. P. Dupouy
Effects of Perinatal Maternal Food Restriction on Pituitary-Gonadal Axis and Plasma Leptin Level in Rat Pup at Birth and Weaning and on Timing of Puberty
Biol Reprod, February 1, 2003; 68(2): 390 - 400.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
M. L. Barker-Gibb, A. Sahu, C. R. Pohl, and T. M. Plant
Elevating Circulating Leptin in Prepubertal Male Rhesus Monkeys (Macaca mulatta) Does Not Elicit Precocious Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Release, Assessed Indirectly
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., November 1, 2002; 87(11): 4976 - 4983.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
G. Kilciler, M. Ozata, C. Oktenli, S.Y. Sanisoglu, E. Bolu, N. Bingol, M. Kilciler, I. C. Ozdemir, and M. Kutlu
Diurnal Leptin Secretion Is Intact in Male Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism and Is Not Influenced by Exogenous Gonadotropins
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., November 1, 2002; 87(11): 5023 - 5029.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Exp. Biol. Med.Home page
R. R. Kraemer, H. Chu, and V. D. Castracane
Leptin and Exercise
Experimental Biology and Medicine, October 1, 2002; 227(9): 701 - 708.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Arch. Dis. Child.Home page
S E Moore, G Morgan, A C Collinson, J A Swain, M A O'Connell, and A M Prentice
Leptin, malnutrition, and immune response in rural Gambian children
Arch. Dis. Child., September 1, 2002; 87(3): 192 - 197.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
E. Charmandari, M. Weise, S. R. Bornstein, G. Eisenhofer, M. F. Keil, G. P. Chrousos, and D. P. Merke
Children with Classic Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia Have Elevated Serum Leptin Concentrations and Insulin Resistance: Potential Clinical Implications
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., May 1, 2002; 87(5): 2114 - 2120.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 EndocrinologyHome page
K. Kawamura, N. Sato, J. Fukuda, H. Kodama, J. Kumagai, H. Tanikawa, A. Nakamura, and T. Tanaka
Leptin Promotes the Development of Mouse Preimplantation Embryos in Vitro
Endocrinology, May 1, 2002; 143(5): 1922 - 1931.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
P. Marzullo, C. Buckway, K. L. Pratt, A. Colao, J. Guevara-Aguirre, and R. G. Rosenfeld
Leptin Concentrations in GH Deficiency: The Effect of GH Insensitivity
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., February 1, 2002; 87(2): 540 - 545.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Biol Res NursHome page
J. S. Harrell, P. Bomar, R. McMurray, C. Bradley, and S. Deng
Leptin and Obesity in Mother-Child Pairs
Biol Res Nurs, October 1, 2001; 3(2): 55 - 64.
[Abstract] [PDF]

Home page
 EndocrinologyHome page
B. Burguera, L. C. Hofbauer, T. Thomas, F. Gori, G. L. Evans, S. Khosla, B. L. Riggs, and R. T. Turner
Leptin Reduces Ovariectomy-Induced Bone Loss in Rats
Endocrinology, August 1, 2001; 142(8): 3546 - 3553.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 PediatricsHome page
P. B. Kaplowitz, E. J. Slora, R. C. Wasserman, S. E. Pedlow, and M. E. Herman-Giddens
Earlier Onset of Puberty in Girls: Relation to Increased Body Mass Index and Race
Pediatrics, August 1, 2001; 108(2): 347 - 353.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
M. Wabitsch, A. Ballauff, R. Holl, W. F. Blum, E. Heinze, H. Remschmidt, and J. Hebebrand
Serum Leptin, Gonadotropin, and Testosterone Concentrations in Male Patients with Anorexia Nervosa during Weight Gain
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., July 1, 2001; 86(7): 2982 - 2988.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Reproductive SciencesHome page
T. Laml, O. Preyer, I. Schulz-Lobmeyr, E. Ruecklinger, B. W. Hartmann, and P. Wagenbichler
Umbilical Venous Leptin Concentration and Gender in Newborns
Reproductive Sciences, April 1, 2001; 8(2): 94 - 97.
[Abstract] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
M. L. Ahmed, K. K. L. Ong, A. P. Watts, D. J. Morrell, M. A. Preece, and D. B. Dunger
Elevated Leptin Levels Are Associated with Excess Gains in Fat Mass in Girls, But Not Boys, with Type 1 Diabetes: Longitudinal Study during Adolescence
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., March 1, 2001; 86(3): 1188 - 1193.
[Abstract] [Full Text]

Home page
 Am. J. Clin. Nutr.Home page
M. I Goran
Metabolic precursors and effects of obesity in children: a decade of progress, 1990-1999
Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, February 1, 2001; 73(2): 158 - 171.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Endocr. Rev.Home page
E. Terasawa and D. L. Fernandez
Neurobiological Mechanisms of the Onset of Puberty in Primates
Endocr. Rev., February 1, 2001; 22(1): 111 - 151.
[Abstract] [Full Text]

Home page
 Hum ReprodHome page
T. Sir-Petermann, S.E. Recabarren, A. Lobos, M. Maliqueo, and L. Wildt
Secretory pattern of leptin and LH during lactational amenorrhoea in breastfeeding normal and polycystic ovarian syndrome women
Hum. Reprod., February 1, 2001; 16(2): 244 - 249.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Clin. Nutr.Home page
B. Lonnerdal and P. J Havel
Serum leptin concentrations in infants: effects of diet, sex, and adiposity
Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, August 1, 2000; 72(2): 484 - 489.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
M. B. HORLICK, M. ROSENBAUM, M. NICOLSON, L. S. LEVINE, B. FEDUN, J. WANG, R. N. PIERSON Jr., and R. L. LEIBEL
Effect of Puberty on the Relationship between Circulating Leptin and Body Composition
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., July 1, 2000; 85(7): 2509 - 2518.
[Abstract] [Full Text]

Home page
 Arch. Dis. Child.Home page
P E CLAYTON and J A TRUEMAN
Leptin and puberty
Arch. Dis. Child., July 1, 2000; 83(1): 1 - 4.
[Full Text]

Home page
 EndocrinologyHome page
A. Biason-Lauber, M. Zachmann, and E. J. Schoenle
Effect of Leptin on CYP17 Enzymatic Activities in Human Adrenal Cells: New Insight in the Onset of Adrenarche
Endocrinology, April 1, 2000; 141(4): 1446 - 1454.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
F. Andreelli, H. Hanaire-Broutin, M. Laville, J. P. Tauber, J. P. Riou, and C. Thivolet
Normal Reproductive Function in Leptin-Deficient Patients with Lipoatropic Diabetes
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., February 1, 2000; 85(2): 715 - 719.
[Abstract] [Full Text]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
K. J. Suter, C. R. Pohl, and M. E. Wilson
Circulating Concentrations of Nocturnal Leptin, Growth Hormone, and Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I Increase before the Onset of Puberty in Agonadal Male Monkeys: Potential Signals for the Initiation of Puberty
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., February 1, 2000; 85(2): 808 - 814.
[Abstract] [Full Text]

Home page
 Biol. Reprod.Home page
D. R. Mann, M. A. Akinbami, K. G. Gould, and V. D. Castracane
A Longitudinal Study of Leptin During Development in the Male Rhesus Monkey: The Effect of Body Composition and Season on Circulating Leptin Levels
Biol Reprod, February 1, 2000; 62(2): 285 - 291.
[Abstract] [Full Text]

Home page
 Hum Mol GenetHome page
J. L. Holder Jr, N. F. Butte, and A. R. Zinn
Profound obesity associated with a balanced translocation that disrupts the SIM1 gene
Hum. Mol. Genet., January 1, 2000; 9(1): 101 - 108.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 EndocrinologyHome page
M. Caprio, A. M. Isidori, A. R. Carta, C. Moretti, M. L. Dufau, and A. Fabbri
Expression of Functional Leptin Receptors in Rodent Leydig Cells
Endocrinology, November 1, 1999; 140(11): 4939 - 4947.
[Abstract] [Full Text]

Home page
 Hum ReprodHome page
T. Sir-Petermann, M. Maliqueo, A. Palomino, D. Vantman, S.E. Recabarren, and L. Wildt
Episodic leptin release is independent of luteinizing hormone secretion
Hum. Reprod., November 1, 1999; 14(11): 2695 - 2699.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
H. Fors, H. Matsuoka, I. Bosaeus, S. Rosberg, K. A. Wikland, and R. Bjarnason
Serum Leptin Levels Correlate with Growth Hormone Secretion and Body Fat in Children
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., October 1, 1999; 84(10): 3586 - 3590.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
N. D. Quinton, R. F. Smith, P. E. Clayton, M. S. Gill, S. Shalet, S. K. Justice, S. A. Simon, S. Walters, M.-C. Postel-Vinay, A. I. F. Blakemore, et al.
Leptin Binding Activity Changes with Age: The Link between Leptin and Puberty
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., July 1, 1999; 84(7): 2336 - 2341.
[Abstract] [Full Text]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
D. Jaquet, J. Leger, M. D. Tabone, P. Czernichow, and C. Levy-Marchal
High Serum Leptin Concentrations during Catch-Up Growth of Children Born with Intrauterine Growth Retardation
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., June 1, 1999; 84(6): 1949 - 1953.
[Abstract] [Full Text]

Home page
 ANN INTERN MEDHome page
C. S. Mantzoros
The Role of Leptin in Human Obesity and Disease: A Review of Current Evidence
Ann Intern Med, April 20, 1999; 130(8): 671 - 680.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
M. L. Ahmed, K. K. L. Ong, D. J. Morrell, L. Cox, N. Drayer, L. Perry, M. A. Preece, and D. B. Dunger
Longitudinal Study of Leptin Concentrations during Puberty: Sex Differences and Relationship to Changes in Body Composition
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., March 1, 1999; 84(3): 899 - 905.
[Abstract] [Full Text]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
J. Licinio, A. B. Negrão, C. Mantzoros, V. Kaklamani, M.-L. Wong, P. B. Bongiorno, P. P. Negro, A. Mulla, J. D. Veldhuis, L. Cearnal, et al.
Sex Differences in Circulating Human Leptin Pulse Amplitude: Clinical Implications
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., November 1, 1998; 83(11): 4140 - 4147.
[Abstract] [Full Text]

Home page
 Endocr. Rev.Home page
S. B. Seminara, F. J. Hayes, and W. F. Crowley Jr.
Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Deficiency in the Human (Idiopathic Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism and Kallmann's Syndrome): Pathophysiological and Genetic Considerations
Endocr. Rev., October 1, 1998; 19(5): 521 - 539.
[Abstract] [Full Text]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
K. O. Klein, K. A. Larmore, E. de Lancey, J. M. Brown, R. V. Considine, and S. G. Hassink
Effect of Obesity on Estradiol Level, and Its Relationship to Leptin, Bone Maturation, and Bone Mineral Density in Children
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., October 1, 1998; 83(10): 3469 - 3475.
[Abstract] [Full Text]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
W. W. Wong, M. Nicolson, J. E. Stuff, N. F. Butte, K. J. Ellis, A. C. Hergenroeder, R. B. Hill, and E. O. Smith
Serum Leptin Concentrations in Caucasian and African-American Girls
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., October 1, 1998; 83(10): 3574 - 3577.
[Abstract] [Full Text]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
M. R. Palmert, S. Radovick, and P. A. Boepple
Leptin Levels in Children with Central Precocious Puberty
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., July 1, 1998; 83(7): 2260 - 2265.
[Abstract] [Full Text]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
A. Leal-Cerro, P. P. Garcia-Luna, R. Astorga, J. Parejo, R. Peino, C. Dieguez, and F. F. Casanueva
Serum Leptin Levels in Male Marathon Athletes before and after the Marathon Run
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., July 1, 1998; 83(7): 2376 - 2379.
[Abstract] [Full Text]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
X. Casabiell, V. Piñeiro, R. Peino, M. Lage, J. Camiña, R. Gallego, L. G. Vallejo, C. Dieguez, and F. F. Casanueva
Gender Differences in Both Spontaneous and Stimulated Leptin Secretion by Human Omental Adipose Tissue in Vitro: Dexamethasone and Estradiol Stimulate Leptin Release in Women, But Not in Men
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., June 1, 1998; 83(6): 2149 - 2155.
[Abstract] [Full Text]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
A. D. Rogol
Leptin and Puberty
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., April 1, 1998; 83(4): 1089 - 1090.
[Full Text]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
M. R. Palmert, S. Radovick, and P. A. Boepple
The Impact of Reversible Gonadal Sex Steroid Suppression on Serum Leptin Concentrations in Children with Central Precocious Puberty
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., April 1, 1998; 83(4): 1091 - 1096.
[Abstract] [Full Text]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
M. F. Saad, M. G. Riad-Gabriel, A. Khan, A. Sharma, R. Michael, S. D. Jinagouda, R. Boyadjian, and G. M. Steil
Diurnal and Ultradian Rhythmicity of Plasma Leptin: Effects of Gender and Adiposity
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., February 1, 1998; 83(2): 453 - 459.
[Abstract] [Full Text]


HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS
Endocrinology Endocrine Reviews J. Clin. End. & Metab.
Molecular Endocrinology Recent Prog. Horm. Res. All Endocrine Journals
Copyright © 1997 by The Endocrine Society