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Changes in Serum Immunoreactive and Bioactive Growth Hormone Concentrations in Boys with Advancing Puberty and in Response to a 20-Hour Estradiol Infusion¹

Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, and the Department of Internal Medicine (A.B.), University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109

Address all correspondence and requests for reprints to: Dr. Ayse Pinar Cemeroglu, D3252 Medical Professional Building, Box 0718, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-0718.

Abstract

Acceleration of linear growth during puberty is associated with increased GH secretion, although the relationship between growth and GH is complex. As GH exists as a family of isoforms, some of which may not be identified by immunoassay, there may be alterations in isoform secretion during pubertal maturation that result in increased growth. The changes in serum immunoreactive and bioactive GH concentrations across pubertal maturation were determined in 30 boys, aged 6.5–19.3 yr, with idiopathic short stature or constitutional delay of adolescence. Data were grouped as follows: 1) 6 prepubertal boys with bone age 7 yr or less; 2) 5 prepubertal boys with bone age of more than 7 yr; 3) 10 boys in early puberty; 4) 9 boys with mid- to late puberty. Blood was obtained every 20 min from 2000–0800 h. An equal aliquot of each serum sample was pooled for determination of GH by bio- and immunoassays. The mean serum immunoreactive GH concentration increased from 2.1 ± 0.3, 1.8 ± 0.3, and 2.9 ± 0.5 µg/L in groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively, to a peak of 4.6 ± 0.7 µg/L in group 4 (P < 0.05 vs. groups 1–3). The mean serum GH bioactivity was 48 ± 13 µg/L in group 1 and declined to 39 ± 8 and 31 ± 3 µg/L in groups 2 and 3, increasing to a maximum of 64 ± 15 µg/L in group 4 (P < 0.05 vs. group 3). The ratio of bioactive to immunoreactive GH suggests that the biopotencies of secreted isoforms do not increase during pubertal maturation. The role of E₂ in increasing GH secretion was characterized in 8 additional early pubertal boys. Each boy received a saline infusion from 1000–0800 h, followed 1 week later by an infusion of E₂ at 4.6 nmol/m²·h. Blood was obtained every 15 min from 2200–0800 h for GH and LH and every 60 min for E₂ and testosterone. An equal aliquot of each overnight serum sample was pooled for insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and GH by immuno- and bioassays. The mean serum LH concentration decreased from 5.0 ± 0.9 to 2.3 ± 0.6 IU/L (P < 0.01), and the E₂ concentration increased from 22 ± 4 to 81 ± 26 pmol/L (P < 0.01) during saline and E₂ infusions, respectively. Mean serum GH concentrations as measured by immunoassay were similar during both infusions (6.6 ± 1.4 vs. 9.7 ± 2.1 µg/L; saline vs. E₂ infusion, respectively). In contrast, the mean serum GH concentration, as measured by bioassay, decreased from 48 ± 10 µg/L during saline infusion to 16 ± 3 µg/L during E₂ infusion (P < 0.05). The mean serum IGF-I concentration also decreased significantly from 116 ± 17 to 93 ± 15 µg/L (saline vs. E₂ infusion, respectively; P < 0.05). Thus, although mean overnight serum GH concentrations increase in late puberty, whether measured by immuno- or bioassay, an acute increase in E₂ produces an acute decline in serum GH bioactivity and a lesser decline in the serum IGF-I concentration. These unexpected changes indicate that E₂ may affect pubertal growth and GH secretion in a complex or biphasic manner depending on the context in which it is administered.

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