help button home button Endocrine Society JCEM
HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS

This Article
Right arrow Full Text
Right arrow Full Text (PDF)
Right arrow Submit a related Letter to the Editor
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me when eLetters are posted
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Right arrow Citation Map
Services
Right arrow Email this article to a friend
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrow Request Copyright Permission
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via HighWire
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Vgontzas, A. N.
Right arrow Articles by Chrousos, G. P.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Vgontzas, A. N.
Right arrow Articles by Chrousos, G. P.
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism Vol. 82, No. 5 1313-1316
Copyright © 1997 by The Endocrine Society


Clinical Studies

Elevation of Plasma Cytokines in Disorders of Excessive Daytime Sleepiness: Role of Sleep Disturbance and Obesity

Alexandros N. Vgontzas, Dimitris A. Papanicolaou, Edward O. Bixler, Anthony Kales, Kathy Tyson and George P. Chrousos

Sleep Research and Treatment Center, Department of Psychiatry, Pennsylvania State University (A.N.V., E.O.B., A.K., K.T.), Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033; the Developmental Endocrinology Branch, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health (D.A.P., G.P.C.), Bethesda, Maryland 20892

Address all correspondence and requests for reprints to: Alexandros N. Vgontzas, M.D., Sleep Research and Treatment Center, Department of Psychiatry, Pennsylvania State University, 500 University Drive, Hershey, Pennsylvania 17033.

Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) and fatigue are frequent symptoms in the general population and the chief complaint of the majority of patients at Sleep Disorders Centers. There is evidence that the inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-{alpha} (TNF{alpha}), interleukin-1ß (IL-1ß), and IL-6 are involved in physiological sleep regulation and that their administration to humans is associated with sleepiness and fatigue. To explore whether plasma levels of TNF{alpha}, IL-1ß, and IL-6 are elevated in patients with EDS, we measured morning plasma levels of TNF{alpha}, IL-1ß, and IL-6 in 12 sleep apneics, 11 narcoleptics, 8 idiopathic hypersomniacs, and 10 normal controls. TNF{alpha} was significantly elevated in sleep apneics and narcoleptics compared to that in normal controls (P < 0.001 and P = 0.001, respectively). Plasma IL-1ß concentrations were not different between sleep disorder patients and controls, whereas IL-6 was markedly and significantly elevated in sleep apneics compared to that in normal controls (P = 0.028). The primary factor influencing TNF{alpha} values was the degree of nocturnal sleep disturbance, whereas the primary determinant for IL-6 levels was the body mass index. Our findings suggest that TNF{alpha} and IL-6 might play a significant role in mediating sleepiness and fatigue in disorders of EDS in humans.




This article has been cited by other articles:


Home page
Biol Res NursHome page
B. E. Aouizerat, M. Dodd, K. Lee, C. West, S. M. Paul, B. A. Cooper, W. Wara, P. Swift, L. B. Dunn, and C. Miaskowski
Preliminary Evidence of a Genetic Association Between Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha and the Severity of Sleep Disturbance and Morning Fatigue
Biol Res Nurs, July 1, 2009; 11(1): 27 - 41.
[Abstract] [PDF]


Home page
ThoraxHome page
S Ryan, C T Taylor, and W T McNicholas
Systemic inflammation: a key factor in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular complications in obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome?
Thorax, July 1, 2009; 64(7): 631 - 636.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
ERRHome page
M. R. Bonsignore and J. Eckel
Metabolic aspects of obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome
Eur. Respir. Rev., June 1, 2009; 18(112): 113 - 124.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Eur Respir JHome page
J. F. Garvey, C. T. Taylor, and W. T. McNicholas
Cardiovascular disease in obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome: the role of intermittent hypoxia and inflammation
Eur. Respir. J., May 1, 2009; 33(5): 1195 - 1205.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Eur Respir JHome page
R. L. Riha, T. Gislasson, and K. Diefenbach
The phenotype and genotype of adult obstructive sleep apnoea/hypopnoea syndrome
Eur. Respir. J., March 1, 2009; 33(3): 646 - 655.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Endocr. Rev.Home page
M.-A. Cornier, D. Dabelea, T. L. Hernandez, R. C. Lindstrom, A. J. Steig, N. R. Stob, R. E. Van Pelt, H. Wang, and R. H. Eckel
The Metabolic Syndrome
Endocr. Rev., December 1, 2008; 29(7): 777 - 822.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Nephrol Dial TransplantHome page
M. T. Canales, L.-Y. Lui, B. C. Taylor, A. Ishani, R. Mehra, K. L. Stone, S. Redline, K. E. Ensrud, and for the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) Study
Renal function and sleep-disordered breathing in older men
Nephrol. Dial. Transplant., December 1, 2008; 23(12): 3908 - 3914.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
ChestHome page
L. Loubaki, E. Jacques, A. Semlali, S. Biardel, J. Chakir, and F. Series
Tumor Necrosis Factor-{alpha} Expression in Uvular Tissues Differs Between Snorers and Apneic Patients
Chest, November 1, 2008; 134(5): 911 - 918.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Eur Respir JHome page
P. Levy, J-L. Pepin, C. Arnaud, R. Tamisier, J-C. Borel, M. Dematteis, D. Godin-Ribuot, and C. Ribuot
Intermittent hypoxia and sleep-disordered breathing: current concepts and perspectives
Eur. Respir. J., October 1, 2008; 32(4): 1082 - 1095.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
CirculationHome page
V. K. Somers, D. P. White, R. Amin, W. T. Abraham, F. Costa, A. Culebras, S. Daniels, J. S. Floras, C. E. Hunt, L. J. Olson, et al.
Sleep Apnea and Cardiovascular Disease: An American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology Foundation Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association Council for High Blood Pressure Research Professional Education Committee, Council on Clinical Cardiology, Stroke Council, and Council on Cardiovascular Nursing In Collaboration With the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute National Center on Sleep Disorders Research (National Institutes of Health)
Circulation, September 2, 2008; 118(10): 1080 - 1111.
[Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
J Am Coll CardiolHome page
V. K. Somers, D. P. White, R. Amin, W. T. Abraham, F. Costa, A. Culebras, S. Daniels, J. S. Floras, C. E. Hunt, L. J. Olson, et al.
Sleep Apnea and Cardiovascular Disease: An American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology Foundation Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association Council for High Blood Pressure Research Professional Education Committee, Council on Clinical Cardiology, Stroke Council, and Council on Cardiovascular Nursing In Collaboration With the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute National Center on Sleep Disorders Research (National Institutes of Health)
J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., August 19, 2008; 52(8): 686 - 717.
[Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Eur J EndocrinolHome page
A. Oberbach, S. Lehmann, K. Kirsch, J. Krist, M. Sonnabend, A. Linke, A. Tonjes, M. Stumvoll, M. Bluher, and P. Kovacs
Long-term exercise training decreases interleukin-6 (IL-6) serum levels in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance: effect of the -174G/C variant in IL-6 gene
Eur. J. Endocrinol., August 1, 2008; 159(2): 129 - 136.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
GutHome page
J L Newton, D E J Jones, E Henderson, L Kane, K Wilton, A D Burt, and C P Day
Fatigue in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is significant and associates with inactivity and excessive daytime sleepiness but not with liver disease severity or insulin resistance
Gut, June 1, 2008; 57(6): 807 - 813.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Psychosom. Med.Home page
U. M. Nater, L. S. Youngblood, J. F. Jones, E. R. Unger, A. H. Miller, W. C. Reeves, and C. Heim
Alterations in Diurnal Salivary Cortisol Rhythm in a Population-Based Sample of Cases With Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
Psychosom Med, April 1, 2008; 70(3): 298 - 305.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
J Am Board Fam MedHome page
A. J. Sorscher
How is Your Sleep: A Neglected Topic for Health Care Screening
J Am Board Fam Med, March 1, 2008; 21(2): 141 - 148.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
I. A. Nakchbandi, R. Lang, B. Kinder, and K. L. Insogna
The Role of the Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-{kappa}B Ligand/Osteoprotegerin Cytokine System in Primary Hyperparathyroidism
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., March 1, 2008; 93(3): 967 - 973.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
ERRHome page
B. Buyse and the participants of working group 2
Treatment effects of sleep apnoea: where are we now?
Eur. Respir. Rev., December 1, 2007; 16(106): 146 - 168.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
ERRHome page
I. A. Harsch
Metabolic disturbances in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome
Eur. Respir. Rev., December 1, 2007; 16(106): 196 - 202.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Reproductive SciencesHome page
M. L. Okun, M. Hall, and M. E. Coussons-Read
Sleep Disturbances Increase Interleukin-6 Production During Pregnancy: Implications for Pregnancy Complications
Reproductive Sciences, September 1, 2007; 14(6): 560 - 567.
[Abstract] [PDF]


Home page
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USAHome page
G. Cavadini, S. Petrzilka, P. Kohler, C. Jud, I. Tobler, T. Birchler, and A. Fontana
From the Cover: TNF-{alpha} suppresses the expression of clock genes by interfering with E-box-mediated transcription
PNAS, July 31, 2007; 104(31): 12843 - 12848.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
The Diabetes EducatorHome page
E. R. Chasens
Obstructive Sleep Apnea, Daytime Sleepiness, and Type 2 Diabetes
The Diabetes Educator, May 1, 2007; 33(3): 475 - 482.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Diabetes CareHome page
C. J. Williams, F. B. Hu, S. R. Patel, and C. S. Mantzoros
Sleep Duration and Snoring in Relation to Biomarkers of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Among Women With Type 2 Diabetes
Diabetes Care, May 1, 2007; 30(5): 1233 - 1240.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Hum ReprodHome page
R. Wu, S. Fujii, N.K. Ryan, K.H. Van der Hoek, M.J. Jasper, I. Sini, S.A. Robertson, R.L. Robker, and R.J. Norman
Ovarian leukocyte distribution and cytokine/chemokine mRNA expression in follicular fluid cells in women with polycystic ovary syndrome
Hum. Reprod., February 1, 2007; 22(2): 527 - 535.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
ChestHome page
N. Chouri-Pontarollo, J.-C. Borel, R. Tamisier, B. Wuyam, P. Levy, and J.-L. Pepin
Impaired Objective Daytime Vigilance in Obesity-Hypoventilation Syndrome: Impact of Noninvasive Ventilation
Chest, January 1, 2007; 131(1): 148 - 155.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Eur J Heart FailHome page
S. Ferreira, J. Winck, P. Bettencourt, and F. Rocha-Goncalves
Obstructive sleep apnoea and adipocyte death: Authors reply
Eur J Heart Fail, January 1, 2007; 9(1): 104 - 105.
[Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
A. N. Vgontzas, S. Pejovic, E. Zoumakis, H. M. Lin, E. O. Bixler, M. Basta, J. Fang, A. Sarrigiannidis, and G. P. Chrousos
Daytime napping after a night of sleep loss decreases sleepiness, improves performance, and causes beneficial changes in cortisol and interleukin-6 secretion
Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, January 1, 2007; 292(1): E253 - E261.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Exp PhysiolHome page
R. Wolk and V. K. Somers
Sleep Apnoea & Hypertension: Physiological bases for a causal relation: Sleep and the metabolic syndrome
Exp Physiol, January 1, 2007; 92(1): 67 - 78.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.Home page
S. Ryan, C. T. Taylor, and W. T. McNicholas
Predictors of Elevated Nuclear Factor-{kappa}B-dependent Genes in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome
Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., October 1, 2006; 174(7): 824 - 830.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Arch Intern MedHome page
R. Mehra, A. Storfer-Isser, H. L. Kirchner, N. Johnson, N. Jenny, R. P. Tracy, and S. Redline
Soluble interleukin 6 receptor: a novel marker of moderate to severe sleep-related breathing disorder.
Arch Intern Med, September 18, 2006; 166(16): 1725 - 1731.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Arch Intern MedHome page
H. Himmerich, P. A. Beitinger, S. Fulda, R. Wehrle, J. Linseisen, G. Wolfram, S. Himmerich, K. Gedrich, T. C. Wetter, and T. Pollmacher
Plasma Levels of Tumor Necrosis Factor {alpha} and Soluble Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptors in Patients With Narcolepsy.
Arch Intern Med, September 18, 2006; 166(16): 1739 - 1743.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical SciencesHome page
R. von Kanel, J. E. Dimsdale, P. J. Mills, S. Ancoli-Israel, T. L. Patterson, B. T. Mausbach, and I. Grant
Effect of Alzheimer caregiving stress and age on frailty markers interleukin-6, C-reactive protein, and d-dimer.
J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci., September 1, 2006; 61(9): 963 - 969.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
ChestHome page
K. Kobayashi, Y. Nishimura, T. Shimada, S. Yoshimura, Y. Funada, M. Satouchi, and M. Yokoyama
Effect of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure on Soluble CD40 Ligand in Patients With Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome
Chest, March 1, 2006; 129(3): 632 - 637.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Am. J. Clin. Nutr.Home page
A. S Greenberg and M. S Obin
Obesity and the role of adipose tissue in inflammation and metabolism
Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, February 1, 2006; 83(2): 461S - 465S.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol.Home page
C. A. Everson
Clinical assessment of blood leukocytes, serum cytokines, and serum immunoglobulins as responses to sleep deprivation in laboratory rats
Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, October 1, 2005; 289(4): R1054 - R1063.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
J. Immunol.Home page
B. Chen, S. Tsui, and T. J. Smith
IL-1{beta} Induces IL-6 Expression in Human Orbital Fibroblasts: Identification of an Anatomic-Site Specific Phenotypic Attribute Relevant to Thyroid-Associated Ophthalmopathy
J. Immunol., July 15, 2005; 175(2): 1310 - 1319.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Eur Respir JHome page
R. Schulz
The vascular micromilieu in obstructive sleep apnoea
Eur. Respir. J., May 1, 2005; 25(5): 780 - 782.
[Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Arch Intern MedHome page
W. Lim, S. Hong, R. Nelesen, and J. E. Dimsdale
The Association of Obesity, Cytokine Levels, and Depressive Symptoms With Diverse Measures of Fatigue in Healthy Subjects
Arch Intern Med, April 25, 2005; 165(8): 910 - 915.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Arch Intern MedHome page
R. D. Vorona, M. P. Winn, T. W. Babineau, B. P. Eng, H. R. Feldman, and J. C. Ware
Overweight and Obese Patients in a Primary Care Population Report Less Sleep Than Patients With a Normal Body Mass Index
Arch Intern Med, January 10, 2005; 165(1): 25 - 30.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.Home page
T. Tazaki, K. Minoguchi, T. Yokoe, K. T. R. Samson, H. Minoguchi, A. Tanaka, Y. Watanabe, and M. Adachi
Increased Levels and Activity of Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome
Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., December 15, 2004; 170(12): 1354 - 1359.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
J. Appl. Physiol.Home page
J. A. McKenzie, E. P. Weiss, I. A. Ghiu, O. Kulaputana, D. A. Phares, R. E. Ferrell, and J. M. Hagberg
Influence of the interleukin-6 -174 G/C gene polymorphism on exercise training-induced changes in glucose tolerance indexes
J Appl Physiol, October 1, 2004; 97(4): 1338 - 1342.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
A. N. Vgontzas, E. Zoumakis, H.-M. Lin, E. O. Bixler, G. Trakada, and G. P. Chrousos
Marked Decrease in Sleepiness in Patients with Sleep Apnea by Etanercept, a Tumor Necrosis Factor-{alpha} Antagonist
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., September 1, 2004; 89(9): 4409 - 4413.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
ChestHome page
U. Hatipoglu and I. Rubinstein
Inflammation and Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome: How Many Ways Do I Look at Thee?
Chest, July 1, 2004; 126(1): 1 - 2.
[Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Bio.Home page
T. Skurk, V. van Harmelen, and H. Hauner
Angiotensin II Stimulates the Release of Interleukin-6 and Interleukin-8 From Cultured Human Adipocytes by Activation of NF-{kappa}B
Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., July 1, 2004; 24(7): 1199 - 1203.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
EndocrinologyHome page
J. Faldt, I. Wernstedt, S. M. Fitzgerald, K. Wallenius, G. Bergstrom, and J.-O. Jansson
Reduced Exercise Endurance in Interleukin-6-Deficient Mice
Endocrinology, June 1, 2004; 145(6): 2680 - 2686.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
PediatricsHome page
R. Tauman, A. Ivanenko, L. M. O'Brien, and D. Gozal
Plasma C-Reactive Protein Levels Among Children With Sleep-Disordered Breathing
Pediatrics, June 1, 2004; 113(6): e564 - e569.
[Abstract] [Full Text]


Home page
J Am Coll CardiolHome page
H. K. Meier-Ewert, P. M. Ridker, N. Rifai, M. M. Regan, N. J. Price, D. F. Dinges, and J. M. Mullington
Effect of sleep loss on C-Reactive protein, an inflammatory marker of cardiovascular risk
J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., February 18, 2004; 43(4): 678 - 683.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
JAMAHome page
A. S. M. Shamsuzzaman, B. J. Gersh, and V. K. Somers
Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Implications for Cardiac and Vascular Disease
JAMA, October 8, 2003; 290(14): 1906 - 1914.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
K. Stenlof, I. Wernstedt, T. Fjallman, V. Wallenius, K. Wallenius, and J.-O. Jansson
Interleukin-6 Levels in the Central Nervous System Are Negatively Correlated with Fat Mass in Overweight/Obese Subjects
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., September 1, 2003; 88(9): 4379 - 4383.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USAHome page
J. K. Kiecolt-Glaser, K. J. Preacher, R. C. MacCallum, C. Atkinson, W. B. Malarkey, and R. Glaser
Chronic stress and age-related increases in the proinflammatory cytokine IL-6
PNAS, July 22, 2003; 100(15): 9090 - 9095.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.Home page
L. Dyugovskaya, P. Lavie, and L. Lavie
Phenotypic and Functional Characterization of Blood {gamma}{delta} T Cells in Sleep Apnea
Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., July 15, 2003; 168(2): 242 - 249.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Endocr. Rev.Home page
J. M. Fernandez-Real and W. Ricart
Insulin Resistance and Chronic Cardiovascular Inflammatory Syndrome
Endocr. Rev., June 1, 2003; 24(3): 278 - 301.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
A. N. Vgontzas, M. Zoumakis, E. O. Bixler, H.-M. Lin, P. Prolo, A. Vela-Bueno, A. Kales, and G. P. Chrousos
Impaired Nighttime Sleep in Healthy Old Versus Young Adults Is Associated with Elevated Plasma Interleukin-6 and Cortisol Levels: Physiologic and Therapeutic Implications
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., May 1, 2003; 88(5): 2087 - 2095.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
CirculationHome page
T. Yokoe, K. Minoguchi, H. Matsuo, N. Oda, H. Minoguchi, G. Yoshino, T. Hirano, and M. Adachi
Elevated Levels of C-Reactive Protein and Interleukin-6 in Patients With Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome Are Decreased by Nasal Continuous Positive Airway Pressure
Circulation, March 4, 2003; 107(8): 1129 - 1134.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Psychosom. Med.Home page
L. Redwine, J. Dang, M. Hall, and M. Irwin
Disordered Sleep, Nocturnal Cytokines, and Immunity in Alcoholics
Psychosom Med, January 1, 2003; 65(1): 75 - 85.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
J.-M. Fernandez-Real, M. Pugeat, M. Grasa, M. Broch, J. Vendrell, J. Brun, and W. Ricart
Serum Corticosteroid-Binding Globulin Concentration and Insulin Resistance Syndrome: A Population Study
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., October 1, 2002; 87(10): 4686 - 4690.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
J. Lipid Res.Home page
P. M. H. Eurlings, C. J. H. van der Kallen, J. M. W. Geurts, P. Kouwenberg, W. D. Boeckx, and T. W. A. de Bruin
Identification of differentially expressed genes in subcutaneous adipose tissue from subjects with familial combined hyperlipidemia
J. Lipid Res., June 1, 2002; 43(6): 930 - 935.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
CirculationHome page
A. S.M. Shamsuzzaman, M. Winnicki, P. Lanfranchi, R. Wolk, T. Kara, V. Accurso, and V. K. Somers
Elevated C-Reactive Protein in Patients With Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Circulation, May 28, 2002; 105(21): 2462 - 2464.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
J.-P. Bastard, M. Maachi, J. T. van Nhieu, C. Jardel, E. Bruckert, A. Grimaldi, J.-J. Robert, J. Capeau, and B. Hainque
Adipose Tissue IL-6 Content Correlates with Resistance to Insulin Activation of Glucose Uptake both in Vivo and in Vitro
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., May 1, 2002; 87(5): 2084 - 2089.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
C. L. Coe, M. Kramer, C. Kirschbaum, P. Netter, and E. Fuchs
Prenatal Stress Diminishes the Cytokine Response of Leukocytes to Endotoxin Stimulation in Juvenile Rhesus Monkeys
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., February 1, 2002; 87(2): 675 - 681.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Bio.Home page
I. Lemieux, A. Pascot, D. Prud'homme, N. Almeras, P. Bogaty, A. Nadeau, J. Bergeron, and J.-P. Despres
Elevated C-Reactive Protein : Another Component of the Atherothrombotic Profile of Abdominal Obesity
Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol., June 1, 2001; 21(6): 961 - 967.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
G. Fruhbeck, J. Gomez-Ambrosi, F. J. Muruzabal, and M. A. Burrell
The adipocyte: a model for integration of endocrine and metabolic signaling in energy metabolism regulation
Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, June 1, 2001; 280(6): E827 - E847.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
G. Päth, S. R. Bornstein, M. Gurniak, G. P. Chrousos, W. A. Scherbaum, and H. Hauner
Human Breast Adipocytes Express Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and Its Receptor System: Increased IL-6 Production by {beta}-Adrenergic Activation and Effects of IL-6 on Adipocyte Function
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., May 1, 2001; 86(5): 2281 - 2288.
[Abstract] [Full Text]


Home page
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
J.-M. Fernandez-Real, M. Vayreda, C. Richart, C. Gutierrez, M. Broch, J. Vendrell, and W. Ricart
Circulating Interleukin 6 Levels, Blood Pressure, and Insulin Sensitivity in Apparently Healthy Men and Women
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., March 1, 2001; 86(3): 1154 - 1159.
[Abstract] [Full Text]


Home page
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
J. M. Bruun, S. B. Pedersen, and B. Richelsen
Regulation of Interleukin 8 Production and Gene Expression in Human Adipose Tissue in Vitro
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., March 1, 2001; 86(3): 1267 - 1273.
[Abstract] [Full Text]


Home page
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
A. N. Vgontzas, R. S. Legro, E. O. Bixler, A. Grayev, A. Kales, and G. P. Chrousos
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Is Associated with Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Daytime Sleepiness: Role of Insulin Resistance
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., February 1, 2001; 86(2): 517 - 520.
[Abstract] [Full Text]


Home page
ChestHome page
F. Morisson, A. Decary, D. Petit, G. Lavigne, J. Malo, and J. Montplaisir
Daytime Sleepiness and EEG Spectral Analysis in Apneic Patients Before and After Treatment With Continuous Positive Airway Pressure
Chest, January 1, 2001; 119(1): 45 - 52.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Endocr. Rev.Home page
B. L. Wajchenberg
Subcutaneous and Visceral Adipose Tissue: Their Relation to the Metabolic Syndrome
Endocr. Rev., December 1, 2000; 21(6): 697 - 738.
[Abstract] [Full Text]


Home page
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
L. Redwine, R. L. Hauger, J. C. Gillin, and M. Irwin
Effects of Sleep and Sleep Deprivation on Interleukin-6, Growth Hormone, Cortisol, and Melatonin Levels in Humans
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., October 1, 2000; 85(10): 3597 - 3603.
[Abstract] [Full Text]


Home page
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
A. Johansson, K. Carlström, B. Ahrén, K. Cederquist, E. Krylborg, H. Forsberg, and T. Olsson
Abnormal Cytokine and Adrenocortical Hormone Regulation in Myotonic Dystrophy
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., September 1, 2000; 85(9): 3169 - 3176.
[Abstract] [Full Text]


Home page
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
J.-P. Bastard, C. Jardel, E. Bruckert, P. Blondy, J. Capeau, M. Laville, H. Vidal, and B. Hainque
Elevated Levels of Interleukin 6 Are Reduced in Serum and Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue of Obese Women after Weight Loss
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., September 1, 2000; 85(9): 3338 - 3342.
[Abstract] [Full Text]


Home page
Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.Home page
R. SCHULZ, S. MAHMOUDI, K. HATTAR, U. SIBELIUS, H. OLSCHEWSKI, K. MAYER, W. SEEGER, and F. GRIMMINGER
Enhanced Release of Superoxide from Polymorphonuclear Neutrophils in Obstructive Sleep Apnea . Impact of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Therapy
Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., August 1, 2000; 162(2): 566 - 570.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol.Home page
B. G. Phillips, M. Kato, K. Narkiewicz, I. Choe, and V. K. Somers
Increases in leptin levels, sympathetic drive, and weight gain in obstructive sleep apnea
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, July 1, 2000; 279(1): H234 - H237.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
JAMAHome page
A. N. Vgontzas, E. O. Bixler, D. A. Papanicolaou, G. P. Chrousos, B. R. Bistrian, L. Khaodhiar, M. Visser, and T. B. Harris
Chronic Systemic Inflammation in Overweight and Obese Adults
JAMA, May 3, 2000; 283(17): 2235 - 2236.
[Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
A. N. Vgontzas, D. A. Papanicolaou, E. O. Bixler, K. Hopper, A. Lotsikas, H.-M. Lin, A. Kales, and G. P. Chrousos
Sleep Apnea and Daytime Sleepiness and Fatigue: Relation to Visceral Obesity, Insulin Resistance, and Hypercytokinemia
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., March 1, 2000; 85(3): 1151 - 1158.
[Abstract] [Full Text]


Home page
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
D. A. Papanicolaou
Interleukin-6: The Endocrine Cytokine
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., March 1, 2000; 85(3): 1331 - 1333.
[Full Text]


Home page
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
R. H. Straub, H. W. Hense, T. Andus, J. Schölmerich, G. A. J. Riegger, and H. Schunkert
Hormone Replacement Therapy and Interrelation between Serum Interleukin-6 and Body Mass Index in Postmenopausal Women: A Population-Based Study
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., March 1, 2000; 85(3): 1340 - 1344.
[Abstract] [Full Text]


Home page
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
M. M. Hagan, P. J. Havel, R. J. Seeley, S. C. Woods, N. N. Ekhator, D. G. Baker, K. K. Hill, M. D. Wortman, A. H. Miller, R. L. Gingerich, et al.
Cerebrospinal Fluid and Plasma Leptin Measurements: Covariability with Dopamine and Cortisol in Fasting Humans
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., October 1, 1999; 84(10): 3579 - 3585.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
A. N. Vgontzas, D. A. Papanicolaou, E. O. Bixler, A. Lotsikas, K. Zachman, A. Kales, P. Prolo, M.-L. Wong, J. Licinio, P. W. Gold, et al.
Circadian Interleukin-6 Secretion and Quantity and Depth of Sleep
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., August 1, 1999; 84(8): 2603 - 2607.
[Abstract] [Full Text]


Home page
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
Z. Orban, A. T. Remaley, M. Sampson, Z. Trajanoski, and G. P. Chrousos
The Differential Effect of Food Intake and {beta}-Adrenergic Stimulation on Adipose-Derived Hormones and Cytokines in Man
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., June 1, 1999; 84(6): 2126 - 2133.
[Abstract] [Full Text]


Home page
Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.Home page
N. M. PUNJABI, D. J. O'HEARN, D. N. NEUBAUER, F. J. NIETO, A. R. SCHWARTZ, P. L. SMITH, and K. BANDEEN-ROCHE
Modeling Hypersomnolence in Sleep-disordered Breathing . A Novel Approach Using Survival Analysis
Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., June 1, 1999; 159(6): 1703 - 1709.
[Abstract] [Full Text]


Home page
HeartHome page
G. RITTER
Nocturnal desaturation in patients with stable heart failure
Heart, December 1, 1998; 80(6): 633b - 634.
[Full Text]


Home page
Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med.Home page
L. S. BENNETT, B. A. LANGFORD, J. R. STRADLING, and R. J. O. DAVIES
Sleep Fragmentation Indices as Predictors of Daytime Sleepiness and nCPAP Response in Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med., September 1, 1998; 158(3): 778 - 786.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
Arch Intern MedHome page
A. N. Vgontzas, E. O. Bixler, T.-L. Tan, D. Kantner, L. F. Martin, and A. Kales
Obesity Without Sleep Apnea Is Associated With Daytime Sleepiness
Arch Intern Med, June 22, 1998; 158(12): 1333 - 1337.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Home page
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
E. Späth-Schwalbe, K. Hansen, F. Schmidt, H. Schrezenmeier, L. Marshall, K. Burger, H. L. Fehm, and J. Born
Acute Effects of Recombinant Human Interleukin-6 on Endocrine and Central Nervous Sleep Functions in Healthy Men
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., May 1, 1998; 83(5): 1573 - 1579.
[Abstract] [Full Text]


Home page
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
S. K. Fried, D. A. Bunkin, and A. S. Greenberg
Omental and Subcutaneous Adipose Tissues of Obese Subjects Release Interleukin-6: Depot Difference and Regulation by Glucocorticoid
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., March 1, 1998; 83(3): 847 - 850.
[Abstract] [Full Text]


Home page
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
M. R. Drange and S. Melmed
To Sleep, Perchance To Eat
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., May 1, 1997; 82(5): 1311 - 1312.
[Full Text] [PDF]




HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS
Endocrinology Endocrine Reviews J. Clin. End. & Metab.
Molecular Endocrinology Recent Prog. Horm. Res. All Endocrine Journals
Copyright © 1997 by The Endocrine Society