This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) Submit a related Letter to the Editor Purchase Article View Shopping Cart Alert me when this article is cited Alert me when eLetters are posted Alert me if a correction is posted Citation Map Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Request Copyright Permission Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Ajjan, R. A. Articles by Weetman, A. P. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Ajjan, R. A. Articles by Weetman, A. P.

Detection of IL-12, IL-13, and IL-15 Messenger Ribonucleic Acid in the Thyroid of Patients with Autoimmune Thyroid Disease¹

Department of Medicine, University of Sheffield, Clinical Sciences Centre, Northern General Hospital, Sheffield S5 7AU, United Kingdom

IL-12, IL-13, and IL-15 are important cytokines that have not been studied previously in human autoimmune thyroid diseases. By applying RT-PCR on RNA extracted from tissue samples, we have investigated in vivo gene expression of these cytokines in multinodular goiter (MNG), Graves’ disease (GD), and Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT). In addition, in vitro studies were carried out using the transformed human thyroid cell line, HT-ori3, and primary thyroid cell cultures derived from patients with GD. These cells were used either unstimulated or stimulated for 12 h with TSH, IL-1, or interferon- (IFN-). IL-12 p40 gene expression was identified in 2 of 10 MNG samples, 6 of 12 GD, and 3 of 4 HT. HT-ori3 and primary thyroid cell cultures were positive for IL-12 p40 messenger RNA (mRNA) expression in both unstimulated and stimulated cell cultures. IL-13 mRNA was expressed in 2 MNG, 9 GD, and 1 HT sample. Both HT-ori3 and primary thyroid cultures expressed IL-13 after TSH, IL-1, or IFN- stimulation; unstimulated primary cultures of thyroid cells, however, did not express IL-13. IL-15 gene expression was detected in 8 MNG, 8 GD, and 4 HT samples. HT-ori3 and primary thyroid cell cultures, stimulated with TSH, IL-1, or IFN-, showed expression of this cytokine. Unstimulated cells showed only a weak expression. Our results indicate that the cytokine patterns in the various diseases studied are heterogeneous; that thyroid cells can express IL-12, IL-13, and IL-15 mRNA in culture, particularly after TSH, IL-1, or IFN- stimulation; and that IL-15 is expressed in most of the tissue samples studied.

This article has been cited by other articles:

				K. K. L. Chong, S. W. Y. Chiang, G. W. K. Wong, P. O. S. Tam, T.-K. Ng, Y.-J. Hu, G. H. F. Yam, D. S. C. Lam, and C.-P. Pang Association of CTLA-4 and IL-13 Gene Polymorphisms with Graves' Disease and Ophthalmopathy in Chinese Children Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., June 1, 2008; 49(6): 2409 - 2415. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				G Aust, K Krohn, N G Morgenthaler, S Schroder, A Schutz, J Edelmann, and E Brylla Graves' disease and Hashimoto's thyroiditis in monozygotic twins: case study as well as transcriptomic and immunohistological analysis of thyroid tissues Eur. J. Endocrinol., January 1, 2006; 154(1): 13 - 20. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				H. Kimura, S.-C. Tzou, R. Rocchi, M. Kimura, K. Suzuki, A. F. Parlow, N. R. Rose, and P. Caturegli Interleukin (IL)-12-Driven Primary Hypothyroidism: the Contrasting Roles of Two Th1 Cytokines (IL-12 and Interferon-{gamma}) Endocrinology, August 1, 2005; 146(8): 3642 - 3651. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				Y. Hiromatsu, T. Fukutani, M. Ichimura, T. Mukai, H. Kaku, H. Nakayama, I. Miyake, S. Shoji, Y. Koda, and T. Bednarczuk Interleukin-13 Gene Polymorphisms Confer the Susceptibility of Japanese Populations to Graves' Disease J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., January 1, 2005; 90(1): 296 - 301. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				P. Kaiser, L. Rothwell, D. Vasicek, and K. Hala A Role for IL-15 in Driving the Onset of Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis? J. Immunol., April 15, 2002; 168(8): 4216 - 4220. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				P. J. Hunt, S. E. Marshall, A. P. Weetman, J. I. Bell, J. A. H. Wass, and K. I. Welsh Cytokine Gene Polymorphisms in Autoimmune Thyroid Disease J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., May 1, 2000; 85(5): 1984 - 1988. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				L. P. Perera, C. K. Goldman, and T. A. Waldmann IL-15 Induces the Expression of Chemokines and Their Receptors in T Lymphocytes J. Immunol., March 1, 1999; 162(5): 2606 - 2612. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]