help button home button Endocrine Society JCEM
HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS
This Article
Right arrow Full Text
Right arrow Full Text (PDF)
Right arrow Submit a related Letter to the Editor
Right arrow Purchase Article
Right arrow View Shopping Cart
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me when eLetters are posted
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Right arrow Citation Map
Services
Right arrow Email this article to a friend
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrow Request Copyright Permission
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via HighWire
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Burman, P.
Right arrow Articles by Karlsson, F. A.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Burman, P.
Right arrow Articles by Karlsson, F. A.
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism Vol. 82, No. 2 550-555
Copyright © 1997 by The Endocrine Society

Clinical Studies

Growth Hormone (GH)-Deficient Men Are More Responsive to GH Replacement Therapy Than Women1

Pia Burman, Anna G. Johansson, Agneta Siegbahn, Bengt Vessby and F. Anders Karlsson

Departments of Medicine, Clinical Chemistry (A.S.), and Geriatrics (B.V.), University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden

Address all correspondence and requests for reprints to: Pia Burman, M.D., Ph.D., Department of Medicine, University Hospital, S-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden.

Thirty-six patients with adult-onset GH deficiency (GHD) were examined before and after 9 months of treatment with recombinant GH. The study was conducted as a double blind, placebo-controlled, 21-month trial with a cross-over design, with each treatment period lasting for 9 months. The same dose, adjusted for body surface area, was given to men (n = 21) and women (n = 15), and the effects on body composition and biochemical parameters were evaluated with respect to gender.

The extent of GHD, assessed before therapy from basal GH secretion and GH release in response to provocative tests, did not differ between the two groups. The men, however, had higher serum insulin-like growth factor I concentrations than the women (mean ± SD, 126 ± 71 vs. 61 ± 32 µg/L; P = 0.0003), less body fat, and greater lean body mass. Upon treatment, insulin-like growth factor I concentrations increased more in men than in women (by 305 ± 136 and 198 ± 96 µg/L, respectively; P = 0.02). The men lost more body fat than the women (7.4 ± 4.1% vs. 3.3 ± 3.8%; P = 0.002), whereas the difference in gain in lean body mass failed to reach statistical significance. Serum levels of total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, apolipoprotein B, and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 decreased in the male group (P = 0.003, P = 0.03, P = 0.0009, and P = 0.01, respectively), but not in the females. Serum markers of bone formation, namely osteocalcin, procollagen type I, bone-specific alkaline phosphatase, and a marker of bone resorption, telopeptide of collagen type I, increased more markedly in men than in women. Lipoprotein(a) increased to a similar extent in the male and female groups.

The data demonstrate that men and women with GHD display marked differences in their responsiveness to GH replacement therapy. These differences should be taken into consideration when optimizing the treatment of GHD patients.




This article has been cited by other articles:


Home page
 Endocr. Rev.Home page
A. Giustina, G. Mazziotti, and E. Canalis
Growth Hormone, Insulin-Like Growth Factors, and the Skeleton
Endocr. Rev., August 1, 2008; 29(5): 535 - 559.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
A. L. Utz, A. Yamamoto, L. Hemphill, and K. K. Miller
Growth Hormone Deficiency by Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone-Arginine Testing Criteria Predicts Increased Cardiovascular Risk Markers in Normal Young Overweight and Obese Women
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., July 1, 2008; 93(7): 2507 - 2514.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
C. Beauregard, A. L. Utz, A. E. Schaub, L. Nachtigall, B. M. K. Biller, K. K. Miller, and A. Klibanski
Growth Hormone Decreases Visceral Fat and Improves Cardiovascular Risk Markers in Women with Hypopituitarism: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., June 1, 2008; 93(6): 2063 - 2071.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
A. E. Nelson, U. Meinhardt, J. L. Hansen, I. H. Walker, G. Stone, C. J. Howe, K.-c. Leung, M. J. Seibel, R. C. Baxter, D. J. Handelsman, et al.
Pharmacodynamics of Growth Hormone Abuse Biomarkers and the Influence of Gender and Testosterone: A Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Study in Young Recreational Athletes
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., June 1, 2008; 93(6): 2213 - 2222.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Clin. Chem.Home page
C. Schmid, P.-A. Krayenbuehl, R.-L. Bernays, C. Zwimpfer, F. E. Maly, and P. Wiesli
Growth Hormone (GH) Receptor Isoform in Acromegaly: Lower Concentrations of GH but Not Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 in Patients with a Genomic Deletion of Exon 3 in the GH Receptor Gene
Clin. Chem., August 1, 2007; 53(8): 1484 - 1488.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Eur J EndocrinolHome page
A. Keller, Z. Wu, J. Kratzsch, E. Keller, W. F Blum, A. Kniess, R. Preiss, J. Teichert, C. J Strasburger, and M. Bidlingmaier
Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of GH: dependence on route and dosage of administration
Eur. J. Endocrinol., June 1, 2007; 156(6): 647 - 653.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 EndocrinologyHome page
C. Thangavel and B. H. Shapiro
A Molecular Basis for the Sexually Dimorphic Response to Growth Hormone
Endocrinology, June 1, 2007; 148(6): 2894 - 2903.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Eur J EndocrinolHome page
M. Sathiavageeswaran, P. Burman, D. Lawrence, A. G Harris, M. G Falleti, P. Maruff, and J. Wass
Effects of GH on cognitive function in elderly patients with adult-onset GH deficiency: a placebo-controlled 12-month study
Eur. J. Endocrinol., April 1, 2007; 156(4): 439 - 447.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
G. Gotherstrom, B.-A. Bengtsson, I. Bosaeus, G. Johannsson, and J. Svensson
A 10-Year, Prospective Study of the Metabolic Effects of Growth Hormone Replacement in Adults
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., April 1, 2007; 92(4): 1442 - 1445.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
C. Parkinson, P. Burman, M. Messig, and P. J. Trainer
Gender, Body Weight, Disease Activity, and Previous Radiotherapy Influence the Response to Pegvisomant
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., January 1, 2007; 92(1): 190 - 195.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 CarcinogenesisHome page
X. Zhang, R. G. Mehta, D. D. Lantvit, K. T. Coschigano, J. J. Kopchick, J. E. Green, S. Hedayat, K. T. Christov, V. H. Ray, T. G. Unterman, et al.
Inhibition of estrogen-independent mammary carcinogenesis by disruption of growth hormone signaling
Carcinogenesis, January 1, 2007; 28(1): 143 - 150.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
A. Mukherjee, W. D. J. Ryder, A. Jostel, and S. M. Shalet
Prolactin Deficiency Is Independently Associated with Reduced Insulin-Like Growth Factor I Status in Severely Growth Hormone-Deficient Adults
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., July 1, 2006; 91(7): 2520 - 2525.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Eur J EndocrinolHome page
B. Saller, A. F Mattsson, P. H Kann, H. P Koppeschaar, J. Svensson, M. Pompen, and M. Koltowska-Haggstrom
Healthcare utilization, quality of life and patient-reported outcomes during two years of GH replacement therapy in GH-deficient adults - comparison between Sweden, The Netherlands and Germany.
Eur. J. Endocrinol., June 1, 2006; 154(6): 843 - 850.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Endocr. Rev.Home page
L. J. Woodhouse, A. Mukherjee, S. M. Shalet, and S. Ezzat
The Influence of Growth Hormone Status on Physical Impairments, Functional Limitations, and Health-Related Quality of Life in Adults
Endocr. Rev., May 1, 2006; 27(3): 287 - 317.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
M. E. Molitch, D. R. Clemmons, S. Malozowski, G. R. Merriam, S. M. Shalet, M. L. Vance, and for The Endocrine Society's Clinical Guidelines Su
Evaluation and Treatment of Adult Growth Hormone Deficiency: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., May 1, 2006; 91(5): 1621 - 1634.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
T. Munzer, C. J. Rosen, S.M. Harman, K. M. Pabst, C. St. Clair, J. D. Sorkin, and M. R. Blackman
Effects of GH and/or sex steroids on circulating IGF-I and IGFBPs in healthy, aged women and men
Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, May 1, 2006; 290(5): E1006 - E1013.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Eur J EndocrinolHome page
J. Koranyi, I. Bosaeus, M. Alpsten, B.-A. Bengtsson, and G. Johannsson
Body composition during GH replacement in adults - methodological variations with respect to gender.
Eur. J. Endocrinol., April 1, 2006; 154(4): 545 - 553.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Eur J EndocrinolHome page
B. E. Engstrom, P. Burman, C. Holdstock, M. Ohrvall, M. Sundbom, and F A. Karlsson
Effects of gastric bypass on the GH/IGF-I axis in severe obesity - and a comparison with GH deficiency
Eur. J. Endocrinol., January 1, 2006; 154(1): 53 - 59.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Eur J EndocrinolHome page
J. D Veldhuis, J. M Patrie, K. Frick, J. Y Weltman, and A. L Weltman
Administration of recombinant human GHRH-1,44-amide for 3 months reduces abdominal visceral fat mass and increases physical performance measures in postmenopausal women
Eur. J. Endocrinol., November 1, 2005; 153(5): 669 - 677.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
A. Colao, C. Di Somma, A. Cuocolo, L. Spinelli, W. Acampa, S. Spiezia, F. Rota, M. C. Savanelli, and G. Lombardi
Does a Gender-Related Effect of Growth Hormone (GH) Replacement Exist on Cardiovascular Risk Factors, Cardiac Morphology, and Performance and Atherosclerosis? Results of a Two-Year Open, Prospective Study in Young Adult Men and Women with Severe GH Deficiency
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., September 1, 2005; 90(9): 5146 - 5155.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Eur J EndocrinolHome page
A Munafo, T X Q Nguyen, O Papasouliotis, H Lecuelle, A Priestley, and M O Thorner
Polyethylene glycol-conjugated growth hormone-releasing hormone is long acting and stimulates GH in healthy young and elderly subjects
Eur. J. Endocrinol., August 1, 2005; 153(2): 249 - 256.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
J. Gibney, T. Wolthers, G. Johannsson, A. M. Umpleby, and K. K. Y. Ho
Growth hormone and testosterone interact positively to enhance protein and energy metabolism in hypopituitary men
Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, August 1, 2005; 289(2): E266 - E271.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Eur J EndocrinolHome page
J. J. Christiansen, S. Fisker, C. H. Gravholt, P. Bennett, B. Svenstrup, M. Andersen, U. Feldt-Rasmussen, J. S. Christiansen, and J. O. L. Jorgensen
Discontinuation of estrogen replacement therapy in GH-treated hypopituitary women alters androgen status and IGF-I
Eur. J. Endocrinol., May 1, 2005; 152(5): 719 - 726.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
J. D. Veldhuis, J. Frystyk, A. Iranmanesh, and H. Orskov
Testosterone and Estradiol Regulate Free Insulin-Like Growth Factor I (IGF-I), IGF Binding Protein 1 (IGFBP-1), and Dimeric IGF-I/IGFBP-1 Concentrations
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., May 1, 2005; 90(5): 2941 - 2947.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Eur J EndocrinolHome page
T. Ueland
GH/IGF-I and bone resorption in vivo and in vitro
Eur. J. Endocrinol., March 1, 2005; 152(3): 327 - 332.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
C. Franco, J. Brandberg, L. Lonn, B. Andersson, B.-A. Bengtsson, and G. Johannsson
Growth Hormone Treatment Reduces Abdominal Visceral Fat in Postmenopausal Women with Abdominal Obesity: A 12-Month Placebo-Controlled Trial
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., March 1, 2005; 90(3): 1466 - 1474.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Endocr. Rev.Home page
J. D. Veldhuis, J. N. Roemmich, E. J. Richmond, A. D. Rogol, J. C. Lovejoy, M. Sheffield-Moore, N. Mauras, and C. Y. Bowers
Endocrine Control of Body Composition in Infancy, Childhood, and Puberty
Endocr. Rev., February 1, 2005; 26(1): 114 - 146.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 JAMAHome page
D. T. Villareal and J. O. Holloszy
Effect of DHEA on Abdominal Fat and Insulin Action in Elderly Women and Men: A Randomized Controlled Trial
JAMA, November 10, 2004; 292(18): 2243 - 2248.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Endocr. Rev.Home page
K.-C. Leung, G. Johannsson, G. M. Leong, and K. K. Y. Ho
Estrogen Regulation of Growth Hormone Action
Endocr. Rev., October 1, 2004; 25(5): 693 - 721.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
A. R. Hoffman, C. J. Strasburger, A. Zagar, W. F. Blum, A. Kehely, and M. L. Hartman
Efficacy and Tolerability of an Individualized Dosing Regimen for Adult Growth Hormone Replacement Therapy in Comparison with Fixed Body Weight-Based Dosing
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., July 1, 2004; 89(7): 3224 - 3233.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci.Home page
S. M. Harman and M. R. Blackman
Hormones and Supplements: Do They Work?: Use of Growth Hormone for Prevention or Treatment of Effects of Aging
J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci., July 1, 2004; 59(7): B652 - B658.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
S. G. Albert and A. D. Mooradian
Low-Dose Recombinant Human Growth Hormone as Adjuvant Therapy to Lifestyle Modifications in the Management of Obesity
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., February 1, 2004; 89(2): 695 - 701.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
A. Mukherjee, J. P. Monson, P. J. Jonsson, P. J. Trainer, and S. M. Shalet
Seeking the Optimal Target Range for Insulin-Like Growth Factor I during the Treatment of Adult Growth Hormone Disorders
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., December 1, 2003; 88(12): 5865 - 5870.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USAHome page
K. C. Leung, N. Doyle, M. Ballesteros, K. Sjogren, C. K. W. Watts, T. H. Low, G. M. Leong, R. J. M. Ross, and K. K. Y. Ho
Estrogen inhibits GH signaling by suppressing GH-induced JAK2 phosphorylation, an effect mediated by SOCS-2
PNAS, February 4, 2003; 100(3): 1016 - 1021.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 JAMAHome page
M. R. Blackman, J. D. Sorkin, T. Munzer, M. F. Bellantoni, J. Busby-Whitehead, T. E. Stevens, J. Jayme, K. G. O'Connor, C. Christmas, J. D. Tobin, et al.
Growth Hormone and Sex Steroid Administration in Healthy Aged Women and Men: A Randomized Controlled Trial
JAMA, November 13, 2002; 288(18): 2282 - 2292.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
P. Gillberg, H. Mallmin, M. Petren-Mallmin, S. Ljunghall, and A. G. Nilsson
Two Years of Treatment with Recombinant Human Growth Hormone Increases Bone Mineral Density in Men with Idiopathic Osteoporosis
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., November 1, 2002; 87(11): 4900 - 4906.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
S. Ezzat, S. Fear, R.-C. Gaillard, C. Gayle, H. Landy, S. Marcovitz, T. Mattioni, S. Nussey, A. Rees, and E. Svanberg
Gender-Specific Responses of Lean Body Composition and Non-Gender-Specific Cardiac Function Improvement after GH Replacement in GH-Deficient Adults
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., June 1, 2002; 87(6): 2725 - 2733.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
A. Kehely, P. C. Bates, P. Frewer, M. Birkett, W. F. Blum, P. Mamessier, S. Ezzat, K. K. Y. Ho, G. Lombardi, A. Luger, et al.
Short-Term Safety and Efficacy of Human GH Replacement Therapy in 595 Adults with GH Deficiency: A Comparison of Two Dosage Algorithms
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., May 1, 2002; 87(5): 1974 - 1979.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
K. Yuen, K. Ong, S. Husbands, P. Chatelain, L. Fryklund, P. Gluckman, M. Ranke, D. Cook, R. Rosenfeld, J. Wass, et al.
The Effects of Short-Term Administration of Two Low Doses Versus the Standard GH Replacement Dose on Insulin Sensitivity and Fasting Glucose Levels in Young Healthy Adults
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., May 1, 2002; 87(5): 1989 - 1995.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
P. Cohen, G. M. Bright, A. D. Rogol, A.-M. Kappelgaard, and R. G. Rosenfeld
Effects of Dose and Gender on the Growth and Growth Factor Response to GH in GH-Deficient Children: Implications for Efficacy and Safety
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., January 1, 2002; 87(1): 90 - 98.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
R. Coutant, F. Boux de Casson, S. Rouleau, O. Douay, E. Mathieu, M. Audran, and J. M. Limal
Body Composition, Fasting Leptin, and Sex Steroid Administration Determine GH Sensitivity in Peripubertal Short Children
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., December 1, 2001; 86(12): 5805 - 5812.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
G. Gotherstrom, J. Svensson, J. Koranyi, M. Alpsten, I. Bosaus, B.-A. Bengtsson, and G. Johannsson
A Prospective Study of 5 Years of GH Replacement Therapy in GH-Deficient Adults: Sustained Effects on Body Composition, Bone Mass, and Metabolic Indices
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., October 1, 2001; 86(10): 4657 - 4665.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Endocr. Rev.Home page
W. M. Drake, S. J. Howell, J. P. Monson, and S. M. Shalet
Optimizing GH Therapy in Adults and Children
Endocr. Rev., August 1, 2001; 22(4): 425 - 450.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
T. Munzer, S. M. Harman, P. Hees, E. Shapiro, C. Christmas, M. F. Bellantoni, T. E. Stevens, K. G. O'Connor, K. M. Pabst, C. St. Clair, et al.
Effects of GH and/or Sex Steroid Administration on Abdominal Subcutaneous and Visceral Fat in Healthy Aged Women and Men
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., August 1, 2001; 86(8): 3604 - 3610.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
K. K. Miller, G. Sesmilo, A. Schiller, D. Schoenfeld, S. Burton, and A. Klibanski
Androgen Deficiency in Women with Hypopituitarism
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., February 1, 2001; 86(2): 561 - 567.
[Abstract] [Full Text]

Home page
 EndocrinologyHome page
J.-L. Liu, S. Yakar, and D. LeRoith
Mice Deficient in Liver Production of Insulin-Like Growth Factor I Display Sexual Dimorphism in Growth Hormone-Stimulated Postnatal Growth
Endocrinology, December 1, 2000; 141(12): 4436 - 4441.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
R. Fernholm, M. Bramnert, E. Hägg, A. Hilding, D. J. Baylink, S. Mohan, and M. Thorén
Growth Hormone Replacement Therapy Improves Body Composition and Increases Bone Metabolism in Elderly Patients with Pituitary Disease
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., November 1, 2000; 85(11): 4104 - 4112.
[Abstract] [Full Text]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
R. Dall, S. Longobardi, C. Ehrnborg, N. Keay, T. Rosén, J. O. L. Jørgensen, R. C. Cuneo, M. A. Boroujerdi, A. Cittadini, R. Napoli, et al.
The Effect of Four Weeks of Supraphysiological Growth Hormone Administration on the Insulin-Like Growth Factor Axis in Women and Men
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., November 1, 2000; 85(11): 4193 - 4200.
[Abstract] [Full Text]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
S. Longobardi, N. Keay, C. Ehrnborg, A. Cittadini, T. Rosén, R. Dall, M. A. Boroujerdi, E. E. Bassett, M. L. Healy, C. Pentecost, et al.
Growth Hormone (GH) Effects on Bone and Collagen Turnover in Healthy Adults and Its Potential as a Marker of GH Abuse in Sports: A Double Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., April 1, 2000; 85(4): 1505 - 1512.
[Abstract] [Full Text]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
B.-A. Bengtsson and G. Johannsson
The Treatment of Growth Hormone Deficiency in Adults
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., March 1, 2000; 85(3): 933 - 937.
[Full Text]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
J. P. T. Span, G. F. F. M. Pieters, C. G. J. Sweep, A. R. M. M. Hermus, and A. G. H. Smals
Gender Difference in Insulin-Like Growth Factor I Response to Growth Hormone (GH) Treatment in GH-Deficient Adults: Role of Sex Hormone Replacement
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., March 1, 2000; 85(3): 1121 - 1125.
[Abstract] [Full Text]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
B.-A. Bengtsson, R. Abs, H. Bennmarker, J. P. Monson, U. Feldt-Rasmussen, E. Hernberg-Ståhl, B. Westberg, P. Wilton, and C. Wüster
The Effects of Treatment and the Individual Responsiveness to Growth Hormone (GH) Replacement Therapy in 665 GH-Deficient Adults
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., November 1, 1999; 84(11): 3929 - 3935.
[Abstract] [Full Text]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
R. Bross, M. Javanbakht, and S. Bhasin
Anabolic Interventions for Aging-Associated Sarcopenia
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., October 1, 1999; 84(10): 3420 - 3430.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Clin. Chem.Home page
B. Eden Engstrom, F. A. Karlsson, and L. Wide
Gender Differences in Diurnal Growth Hormone and Epinephrine Values in Young Adults during Ambulation
Clin. Chem., August 1, 1999; 45(8): 1235 - 1239.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
J. C. ter Maaten, H. de Boer, O. Kamp, L. Stuurman, and E. A. van der Veen
Long-Term Effects of Growth Hormone (GH) Replacement in Men with Childhood-Onset GH Deficiency
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., July 1, 1999; 84(7): 2373 - 2380.
[Abstract] [Full Text]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
A. G. Johansson, B. E. Engström, S. Ljunghall, F. A. Karlsson, and P. Burman
Gender Differences in the Effects of Long Term Growth Hormone (GH) Treatment on Bone in Adults with GH Deficiency
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., June 1, 1999; 84(6): 2002 - 2007.
[Abstract] [Full Text]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
R. Kuromaru, H. Kohno, N. Ueyama, H. M. S. Hassan, S. Honda, and T. Hara
Long-Term Prospective Study of Body Composition and Lipid Profiles during and after Growth Hormone (GH) Treatment in Children with GH Deficiency: Gender-Specific Metabolic Effects
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., November 1, 1998; 83(11): 3890 - 3896.
[Abstract] [Full Text]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
W. M. Drake, D. Coyte, C. Camacho-Hübner, N. M. Jivanji, G. Kaltsas, D. F. Wood, P. J. Trainer, A. B. Grossman, G. M. Besser, and J. P. Monson
Optimizing Growth Hormone Replacement Therapy by Dose Titration in Hypopituitary Adults
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., November 1, 1998; 83(11): 3913 - 3919.
[Abstract] [Full Text]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
M. Christopher, F. L. Hew, M. Oakley, C. Rantzau, and F. Alford
Defects of Insulin Action and Skeletal Muscle Glucose Metabolism in Growth Hormone-Deficient Adults Persist after 24 Months of Recombinant Human Growth Hormone Therapy
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., May 1, 1998; 83(5): 1668 - 1681.
[Abstract] [Full Text]