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Abnormalities of Apolipoprotein E in the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome¹

Departments of Medicine and Pathology and the Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, the Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease and the Metabolism and Infectious Diseases Sections, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California 94121

Address all correspondence and requests for reprints to: Carl Grunfeld, M.D., Ph.D., Metabolism Section (111F), Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 4150 Clement Street, San Francisco, California 94121.

Given the important role of apolipoprotein E (apoE) in triglyceride metabolism, we analyzed plasma levels and degree of sialylation of apoE in subjects with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), a disorder accompanied by hypertriglyceridemia. Levels of apoE were significantly increased (1.84-fold) and correlated with plasma triglycerides (r = .663, P < .001) in AIDS. Subjects with AIDS and the apoE3/E2 phenotype showed the most prominent increases in both plasma triglyceride and apoE levels (3.4 and 2.2-fold over controls). Additionally, apoE from subjects with AIDS showed an increased amount of sialylation, compared with controls (34% increase in apoE3/E3 subjects). Increased sialylation correlated with the increase in apoE levels. In contrast, there was no increase in sialylation of apo C-III in AIDS. Thus, triglyceride levels in AIDS are influenced by apoE subtype and subjects with AIDS show changes in apoE structure.

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