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Urinary Follicle-Stimulating Hormone for Normogonadotropic Clomiphene-Resistant Anovulatory Infertility: Prospective, Randomized Comparison between Low Dose Step-Up and Step-Down Dose Regimens¹

Division of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dijkzigt Academic Hospital and Erasmus University Medical School, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

Address all correspondence and requests for reprints to: Bart C. J. M. Fauser, M.D., Ph.D., Division of Reproductive Medicine, Depart-ment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dijkzigt Academic Hospital, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands.

A low dose step-up and step-down regimen for induction of ovulation using urinary FSH was compared in a prospective randomized fashion in 37 normogonadotropic clomiphene-resistant oligo- or amenorrheic infertile women. The objectives was to assess potential differences in duration of treatment, ovarian stimulation (serum FSH levels), and response [serum estradiol (E₂) levels and number and size of follicles]. Monitoring (blood sampling and transvaginal sonography) took place on the day of initiation of treatment, the first day of ovarian response as assessed by ultrasound (i.e. the first day a follicle 10 mm could be recognized), the day of hCG administration to induce ovulation, and 3 days thereafter.

The median duration of treatment in the low dose step-up group was 18 (range, 7–41) days compared to 9 (range, 4–16) days in the step-down group (P = 0.003), and the total numbers of ampules administered were 20 (range, 7–69) and 14 (range, 7–33), respectively (P = NS). Serum FSH levels from the first day of sonographic ovarian response until the administration of hCG were constant (median increase, 2%/day) in patients receiving the low dose step-up protocol, but showed a decrease (median, 5%/day) in step-down cycles (P < 0.001). Monofollicular growth, defined as not more than one follicle 16 mm or larger on the day of hCG administration, was observed in 56% of low dose step-up and 88% of step-down cycles (P = 0.04). The percentage of patients with normal range periovulatory E₂ serum levels (500–1500 pmol/L) was 33% in the low dose step-up group vs. 71% in the step-down group (P = 0.03).

We conclude that a step-down protocol for gonadotropin induction of ovulation exhibits a more physiological, late follicular phase FSH serum profile than a low dose step-up protocol. This results in a shorter duration of treatment, a greater number of monofollicular cycles, and more cycles with periovulatory E₂ levels within the normal range in the step-down protocol.

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