Effects of gender, body composition, and menopause on plasma concentrations of leptin
M Rosenbaum, M Nicolson, J Hirsch, SB Heymsfield, D Gallagher, F Chu and RL Leibel
Laboratory of Human Behavior and Metabolism, Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10021, USA.
Circulating concentrations of leptin ([leptin]) vary directly with body
mass index and percentage body fat, and may thus constitute an afferent
limb of a system regulating body fatness. We tested the hypotheses that: 1)
Plasma [leptin] vary more directly with absolute fat mass than with
fractional body fatness per se: and 2). The relationship between fat mass
and [leptin] is significantly affected by gender and by menopausal status.
[Leptin] in the post-absorptive state was examined in 67 subjects (26 male,
20 premenopausal female, 21 postmenopausal females; 43 never-obese, 24
obese) at usual body weight. Body composition was determined by
hydrodensitometry, and [leptin] was determined by a double antibody ELISA
assay. In male and pre-menopausal female subjects, subcutaneous adipose
tissue aspirations were performed for determination of adipocyte volume by
the osmium fixation method, and a 3 hour oral glucose tolerance tests was
performed. At usual body weight, ([leptin]) was better correlated with
absolute fat mass than with body mass index (BMI) or percentage body fat.
BMI and % body fat did not account for any of the variance in [leptin]
beyond that attributable to FM, per se. The regression equations relating
FM to [leptin] did not differ significantly between obese and never-obese
subjects. [Leptin] and fasting serum insulin concentrations were
significantly correlated in males only. [Leptin] was significantly higher
in pre- and post-menopausal females compared to males, even when [leptin]
was corrected for differences in body composition (pre- menopausal females
> post-menopausal females > males). While plasma [leptin], corrected
for FM, declines significantly in women post- menopause, this decline is
not sufficient to account for the striking sexual dimorphism in the
relationship of leptin to fat mass. This sexual dimorphism is apparently
also due, in part, to a suppressive effect of circulating androgens on
[leptin].
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X. Casabiell, V. Piñeiro, R. Peino, M. Lage, J. Camiña, R. Gallego, L. G. Vallejo, C. Dieguez, and F. F. Casanueva Gender Differences in Both Spontaneous and Stimulated Leptin Secretion by Human Omental Adipose Tissue in Vitro: Dexamethasone and Estradiol Stimulate Leptin Release in Women, But Not in Men
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.,
June 1, 1998;
83(6):
2149 - 2155.
[Abstract][Full Text]
S. C. Woods, R. J. Seeley, D. Porte Jr., and M. W. Schwartz Signals That Regulate Food Intake and Energy Homeostasis
Science,
May 29, 1998;
280(5368):
1378 - 1383.
[Abstract][Full Text]
M. R. Palmert, S. Radovick, and P. A. Boepple The Impact of Reversible Gonadal Sex Steroid Suppression on Serum Leptin Concentrations in Children with Central Precocious Puberty
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.,
April 1, 1998;
83(4):
1091 - 1096.
[Abstract][Full Text]
W. K. Chung, K. Belfi, M. Chua, J. Wiley, R. Mackintosh, M. Nicolson, C. N. Boozer, and R. L. Leibel Heterozygosity for Lepob or Leprdb affects body composition and leptin homeostasis in adult mice
Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol,
April 1, 1998;
274(4):
R985 - R990.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
M. Landt, R. L. Gingerich, P. J. Havel, W. M. Mueller, B. Schoner, J. E. Hale, and M. L. Heiman Radioimmunoassay of rat leptin: sexual dimorphism reversed from humans
Clin. Chem.,
March 1, 1998;
44(3):
565 - 570.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
I. B. Helland, J. E. Reseland, O. D. Saugstad, and C. A. Drevon Leptin Levels in Pregnant Women and Newborn Infants: Gender Differences and Reduction During the Neonatal Period
Pediatrics,
March 1, 1998;
101
(3):
e12 - e12.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
M. Rosenbaum and R. L. Leibel The Physiology of Body Weight Regulation: Relevance to the Etiology of Obesity in Children
Pediatrics,
March 1, 1998;
101(3):
525 - 539.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
M. F. Saad, M. G. Riad-Gabriel, A. Khan, A. Sharma, R. Michael, S. D. Jinagouda, R. Boyadjian, and G. M. Steil Diurnal and Ultradian Rhythmicity of Plasma Leptin: Effects of Gender and Adiposity
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.,
February 1, 1998;
83(2):
453 - 459.
[Abstract][Full Text]
T. A. Wadden, R. V. Considine, G. D. Foster, D. A. Anderson, D. B. Sarwer, and J. S. Caro Short- and Long-Term Changes in Serum Leptin in Dieting Obese Women: Effects of Caloric Restriction and Weight Loss
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.,
January 1, 1998;
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214 - 218.
[Abstract][Full Text]
R. L. Leibel, W. K. Chung, and S. C. Chua Jr. The Molecular Genetics of Rodent Single Gene Obesities
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December 19, 1997;
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M. Rosenbaum, M. Nicolson, J. Hirsch, E. Murphy, F. Chu, and R. L. Leibel Effects of Weight Change on Plasma Leptin Concentrations and Energy Expenditure
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.,
November 1, 1997;
82(11):
3647 - 3654.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
B. Carlsson, C. Ankarberg, S. Rosberg, E. Norjavaara, K. Albertsson-Wikland, and L. M S Carlsson Serum leptin concentrations in relation to pubertal development
Arch. Dis. Child.,
November 1, 1997;
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396 - 400.
[Abstract][Full Text]
J. M. H. Elbers, H. Asscheman, J. C. Seidell, M. Frolich, A. E. Meinders, and L. J. G. Gooren Reversal of the Sex Difference in Serum Leptin Levels upon Cross-Sex Hormone Administration in Transsexuals
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.,
October 1, 1997;
82(10):
3267 - 3270.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
H. A. Koistinen, V. A. Koivisto, S. Andersson, S.-L. Karonen, K. Kontula, L. Oksanen, and K. A. Teramo Leptin Concentration in Cord Blood Correlates with Intrauterine Growth
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.,
October 1, 1997;
82(10):
3328 - 3330.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
C. S. Mantzoros, S. Moschos, I. Avramopoulos, V. Kaklamani, A. Liolios, D. E. Doulgerakis, I. Griveas, N. Katsilambros, and J. S. Flier Leptin Concentrations in Relation to Body Mass Index and the Tumor Necrosis Factor-{alpha} System in Humans
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.,
October 1, 1997;
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3408 - 3413.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
G. A. Bray and D. A. York Leptin and Clinical Medicine: A New Piece in the Puzzle of Obesity
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.,
September 1, 1997;
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2771 - 2776.
[Full Text][PDF]
C. S. Mantzoros, A. Varvarigou, V. G. Kaklamani, N. G. Beratis, and J. S. Flier Effect of Birth Weight and Maternal Smoking on Cord Blood Leptin Concentrations of Full-Term and Preterm Newborns
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.,
September 1, 1997;
82(9):
2856 - 2861.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
W. F. Blum, P. Englaro, S. Hanitsch, A. Juul, N. T. Hertel, J. Muller, N. E. Skakkebak, M. L. Heiman, M. Birkett, A. M. Attanasio, et al. Plasma Leptin Levels in Healthy Children and Adolescents: Dependence on Body Mass Index, Body Fat Mass, Gender, Pubertal Stage, and Testosterone
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.,
September 1, 1997;
82(9):
2904 - 2910.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
S. Nader, M. G. Riad-Gabriel, and M. F. Saad The Effect of a Desogestrel-Containing Oral Contraceptive on Glucose Tolerance and Leptin Concentrations in Hyperandrogenic Women
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.,
September 1, 1997;
82(9):
3074 - 3077.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
M. Rosenbaum, R. L. Leibel, and J. Hirsch Obesity
N. Engl. J. Med.,
August 7, 1997;
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396 - 407.
[Full Text][PDF]
H. Masuzaki, Y. Ogawa, K. Hosoda, T. Miyawaki, I. Hanaoka, J. Hiraoka, A. Yasuno, H. Nishimura, Y. Yoshimasa, S. Nishi, et al. Glucocorticoid Regulation of Leptin Synthesis and Secretion in Humans: Elevated Plasma Leptin Levels in Cushing's Syndrome
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.,
August 1, 1997;
82(8):
2542 - 2547.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
L. J. Spicer and C. C. Francisco The Adipose Obese Gene Product, Leptin: Evidence of a Direct Inhibitory Role in Ovarian Function
Endocrinology,
August 1, 1997;
138(8):
3374 - 3379.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
L. Perusse, G. Collier, J. Gagnon, A. S. Leon, D. C. Rao, J. S. Skinner, J. H. Wilmore, A. Nadeau, P. Z. Zimmet, and C. Bouchard Acute and chronic effects of exercise on leptin levels in humans
J Appl Physiol,
July 1, 1997;
83(1):
5 - 10.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
T. R. Nagy, B. A. Gower, C. A. Trowbridge, C. Dezenberg, R. M. Shewchuk, and M. I. Goran Effects of Gender, Ethnicity, Body Composition, and Fat Distribution on Serum Leptin Concentrations in Children
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.,
July 1, 1997;
82(7):
2148 - 2152.
[Abstract][Full Text][PDF]
