| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, Vol 81, 692-699, Copyright © 1996 by Endocrine Society
ARTICLES |
M Bergendahl, ML Vance, A Iranmanesh, MO Thorner and JD Veldhuis
National Science Foundation Center for Biological Timing, University of Virginia Health Sciences Center, Charlottesville 22908, USA.
Serum cortisol concentrations are increased in fasted or malnourished human subjects. The dynamic mechanisms underlying this adaptive response have been investigated in eight normal men by analyzing serum cortisol concentrations measured in blood obtained at 5-min intervals over 24 h on a control (fed) day and on the fifth day of a fast (water only) assigned in randomized order. A multiple parameter deconvolution method was used to simultaneously resolve endogenous cortisol secretion and half-life. Five days of fasting induced a 1.8-fold increase in the 24-h endogenous cortisol production rate (fed, 2504 +/- 308; fasted, 4528 +/- 488 nmol/L distribution volume; P < 0.006). This enhanced cortisol production rate was accounted for by a 1.6-fold increase in the mass of cortisol secreted per burst (fed, 115 +/- 12.1; fasted, 183 +/- 17.3 nmol/L; P < 0.02). Cortisol secretory event amplitudes (maximal rates of cortisol release attained within a burst) increased in seven of eight men, and mean secretory burst durations remained unchanged by fasting. Moreover, the number of computer-resolved cortisol secretory bursts per 24 h (fed, 22 +/- 1.4; fasted, 25 +/- 2.0; P = NS) and the interburst interval (fed, 65 +/- 4.0; fasted, 57 +/- 4.4 min) did not change significantly during a 5-day fast. The calculated half-life of endogenous cortisol was not significantly altered by fasting (fed, 108 +/- 9.7; fasted, 129 +/- 11 min). There was no significant change in the nyctohemeral pattern of varying adrenocortical secretory burst frequency in response to fasting. However, the mean (mesor) mass of glucocorticoid secreted per burst over 24 h rose significantly in response to fasting. In addition, by cosinor analysis, maximal serum cortisol concentrations occurred (95% confidence intervals) between 0930-1334 h in the fed state and between 1116-1612 h in the fasted state (P < 0.04). Fasting augmented the mesor (average value about which the diurnal rhythm oscillates; P < 0.0008 compared with fed state) and the amplitude (P < 0.04) of the 24-h serum cortisol concentration profile. Linear regression analysis disclosed a significant inverse relationship between mean serum cortisol and GH concentrations in fasted men (r = -0.76; P < 0.02). In conclusion, the present data indicate that starvation-induced enhancement of cortisol secretion in young healthy men is mediated by an increased glucocorticoid secretory burst mass, rather than changes in secretory burst frequency or duration or in cortisol half-life. In addition, fasting modifies the diurnal secretory pattern of cortisol by delaying maximal serum concentrations to the early afternoon. The inverse relationship between serum cortisol and GH responses to fasting suggests differential regulation of the corticotropic and somatotropic axis by the metabolic stress of fasting and/or feedback interactions between these two axes when they are both activated.
This article has been cited by other articles:
 |
|
 |
|
  M. F. Haussmann, C. M. Vleck, and E. S. Farrar A laboratory exercise to illustrate increased salivary cortisol in response to three stressful conditions using competitive ELISA Advan Physiol Educ, March 1, 2007; 31(1): 110 - 115. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. M. Luque, S. Park, and R. D. Kineman Severity of the Catabolic Condition Differentially Modulates Hypothalamic Expression of Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone in the Fasted Mouse: Potential Role of Neuropeptide Y and Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone Endocrinology, January 1, 2007; 148(1): 300 - 309. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. A. Shapses and C. S. Riedt Bone, Body Weight, and Weight Reduction: What Are the Concerns? J. Nutr., June 1, 2006; 136(6): 1453 - 1456. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. H. Darzy, R. D. Murray, H. K. Gleeson, S. S. Pezzoli, M. O. Thorner, and S. M. Shalet The Impact of Short-Term Fasting on the Dynamics of 24-Hour Growth Hormone (GH) Secretion in Patients with Severe Radiation-Induced GH Deficiency J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., March 1, 2006; 91(3): 987 - 994. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. M. Kaufman and A. Vermeulen The Decline of Androgen Levels in Elderly Men and Its Clinical and Therapeutic Implications Endocr. Rev., October 1, 2005; 26(6): 833 - 876. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. H. Darzy and S. M. Shalet Absence of Adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) Neurosecretory Dysfunction but Increased Cortisol Concentrations and Production Rates in ACTH-Replete Adult Cancer Survivors after Cranial Irradiation for Nonpituitary Brain Tumors J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., September 1, 2005; 90(9): 5217 - 5225. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. B. Djurhuus, C. H. Gravholt, S. Nielsen, S. B. Pedersen, N. Moller, and O. Schmitz Additive effects of cortisol and growth hormone on regional and systemic lipolysis in humans Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, March 1, 2004; 286(3): E488 - E494. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Misra, K. K. Miller, J. Bjornson, A. Hackman, A. Aggarwal, J. Chung, M. Ott, D. B. Herzog, M. L. Johnson, and A. Klibanski Alterations in Growth Hormone Secretory Dynamics in Adolescent Girls with Anorexia Nervosa and Effects on Bone Metabolism J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., December 1, 2003; 88(12): 5615 - 5623. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Hussain, P. Hindmarsh, and A. Aynsley-Green Spontaneous Hypoglycemia in Childhood Is Accompanied by Paradoxically Low Serum Growth Hormone and Appropriate Cortisol Counterregulatory Hormonal Responses J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., August 1, 2003; 88(8): 3715 - 3723. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 Y. Liu, W. Wang, J. Hawley, and D. F. Birt Adrenalectomy Abrogates Reduction of 12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-induced Extracellular Signal-regulated Protein Kinase Activity in the Epidermis of Dietary Energy-restricted SENCAR Mice: Implications of Glucocorticoid Hormone Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., March 1, 2002; 11(3): 299 - 304. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Lado-Abeal, J. D. Veldhuis, and R. L. Norman Glucose Relays Information Regarding Nutritional Status to the Neural Circuits That Control the Somatotropic, Corticotropic, and Gonadotropic Axes in Adult Male Rhesus Macaques Endocrinology, February 1, 2002; 143(2): 403 - 410. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. M. Ortiz, D. P. Noren, B. Litz, and C. L. Ortiz A new perspective on adiposity in a naturally obese mammal Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, December 1, 2001; 281(6): E1347 - E1351. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. D. Veldhuis, A. Iranmanesh, D. Naftolowitz, N. Tatham, F. Cassidy, and B. J. Carroll Corticotropin Secretory Dynamics in Humans under Low Glucocorticoid Feedback J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., November 1, 2001; 86(11): 5554 - 5563. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. M. Ortiz, C. E. Wade, and C. L. Ortiz Effects of prolonged fasting on plasma cortisol and TH in postweaned northern elephant seal pups Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, March 1, 2001; 280(3): R790 - R795. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Bergendahl, A. Iranmanesh, C. Pastor, W. S. Evans, and J. D. Veldhuis Homeostatic Joint Amplification of Pulsatile and 24-Hour Rhythmic Cortisol Secretion by Fasting Stress in Midluteal Phase Women: Concurrent Disruption of Cortisol-Growth Hormone, Cortisol-Luteinizing Hormone, and Cortisol-Leptin Synchrony J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., November 1, 2000; 85(11): 4028 - 4035. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. Zauner, B. Schneeweiss, A. Kranz, C. Madl, K. Ratheiser, L. Kramer, E. Roth, B. Schneider, and K. Lenz Resting energy expenditure in short-term starvation is increased as a result of an increase in serum norepinephrine Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, June 1, 2000; 71(6): 1511 - 1515. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Bergendahl, A. Iranmanesh, T. Mulligan, and J. D. Veldhuis Impact of Age on Cortisol Secretory Dynamics Basally and as Driven by Nutrient-Withdrawal Stress J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., June 1, 2000; 85(6): 2203 - 2214. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Bergendahl, A. Iranmanesh, W. S. Evans, and J. D. Veldhuis Short-Term Fasting Selectively Suppresses Leptin Pulse Mass and 24-Hour Rhythmic Leptin Release in Healthy Midluteal Phase Women without Disturbing Leptin Pulse Frequency or Its Entropy Control (Pattern Orderliness) J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., January 1, 2000; 85(1): 207 - 213. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. Fruehwald-Schultes, W. Kern, W. Bong, P. Wellhoener, W. Kerner, J. Born, H. L. Fehm, and A. Peters Supraphysiological Hyperinsulinemia Acutely Increases Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Secretory Activity in Humans J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., September 1, 1999; 84(9): 3041 - 3046. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. K. Støving, J. D. Veldhuis, A. Flyvbjerg, J. Vinten, J. Hangaard, O. G. Koldkjær, J. Kristiansen, and C. Hagen Jointly Amplified Basal and Pulsatile Growth Hormone (GH) Secretion and Increased Process Irregularity in Women with Anorexia Nervosa: Indirect Evidence for Disruption of Feedback Regulation within the GH-Insulin-Like Growth Factor I Axis J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., June 1, 1999; 84(6): 2056 - 2063. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Bergendahl, W. S. Evans, C. Pastor, A. Patel, A. Iranmanesh, and J. D. Veldhuis Short-Term Fasting Suppresses Leptin and (Conversely) Activates Disorderly Growth Hormone Secretion in Midluteal Phase Women--A Clinical Research Center Study J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., March 1, 1999; 84(3): 883 - 894. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Bergendahl, J. A. Aloi, A. Iranmanesh, T. M. Mulligan, and J. D. Veldhuis Fasting Suppresses Pulsatile Luteinizing Hormone (LH) Secretion and Enhances Orderliness of LH Release in Young but Not Older Men J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., June 1, 1998; 83(6): 1967 - 1975. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. H. Samuels and P. A. McDaniel Thyrotropin Levels during Hydrocortisone Infusions That Mimic Fasting-Induced Cortisol Elevations: A Clinical Research Center Study J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., November 1, 1997; 82(11): 3700 - 3704. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. W. Schwartz and R. J. Seeley Neuroendocrine Responses to Starvation and Weight Loss N. Engl. J. Med., June 19, 1997; 336(25): 1802 - 1811. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. A. Yanovski, S. Z. Yanovski, P. W. Gold, and G. P. Chrousos Differences in Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone-Stimulated Adrenocorticotropin and Cortisol before and after Weight Loss J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., June 1, 1997; 82(6): 1874 - 1878. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. A. Aloi, M. Bergendahl, A. Iranmanesh, and J. D. Veldhuis Pulsatile Intravenous Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Administration Averts Fasting-Induced Hypogonadotropism and Hypoandrogenemia in Healthy, Normal Weight Men J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., May 1, 1997; 82(5): 1543 - 1548. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
| Endocrinology | Endocrine Reviews | J. Clin. End. & Metab. |
| Molecular Endocrinology | Recent Prog. Horm. Res. | All Endocrine Journals |
