help button home button Endocrine Society JCEM
HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS
This Article
Right arrow Full Text (PDF)
Right arrow Submit a related Letter to the Editor
Right arrow Purchase Article
Right arrow View Shopping Cart
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me when eLetters are posted
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Right arrow Citation Map
Services
Right arrow Email this article to a friend
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrow Request Copyright Permission
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via HighWire
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Deacon, C. F.
Right arrow Articles by Holst, J. J.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Deacon, C. F.
Right arrow Articles by Holst, J. J.

Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, Vol 80, 952-957, Copyright © 1995 by Endocrine Society

ARTICLES

Degradation of glucagon-like peptide-1 by human plasma in vitro yields an N-terminally truncated peptide that is a major endogenous metabolite in vivo

CF Deacon, AH Johnsen and JJ Holst
Department of Medical Physiology, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.

The metabolism of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) has not been studied in detail, but it is known to be rapidly cleared from the circulation. Measurement by RIA is hampered by the fact that most antisera are side- viewing or C-terminally directed, and recognize both intact GLP-1 and biologically inactive. N-terminally truncated fragments. Using high pressure liquid chromatography in combination with RIAs, methodology allowing specific determination of both intact GLP-1 and its metabolites was developed. Human plasma was shown to degrade GLP-1-(7- 36)amide, forming an N-terminally truncated peptide with a t1/2 of 20.4 +/- 1.4 min at 37 C (n = 6). This was unaffected by EDTA or aprotinin. Inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase-IV or low temperature (4 C) completely prevented formation of the metabolite, which was confirmed to be GLP-1-(9-36)amide by mass spectrometry and sequence analysis. High pressure liquid chromatography revealed the concentration of GLP-1- (9-36)amide to be 53.5 +/- 13.7% of the concentration of endogenous intact GLP-1 in the fasted state, which increased to 130.8 +/- 10.0% (P < 0.01; n = 6) 1 h postprandially. Metabolism at the C-terminus was not observed. This study suggests that dipeptidyl peptidase-IV is the primary mechanism for GLP-1 degradation in human plasma in vitro and may have a role in inactivating the peptide in vivo.


This article has been cited by other articles:


Home page
 CirculationHome page
K. Ban, M. H. Noyan-Ashraf, J. Hoefer, S.-S. Bolz, D. J. Drucker, and M. Husain
Cardioprotective and Vasodilatory Actions of Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Receptor Are Mediated Through Both Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Receptor-Dependent and -Independent Pathways
Circulation, May 6, 2008; 117(18): 2340 - 2350.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 DiabetesHome page
S.-J. Kim, C. Nian, D. J. Doudet, and C. H.S. McIntosh
Inhibition of Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV With Sitagliptin (MK0431) Prolongs Islet Graft Survival in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Mice
Diabetes, May 1, 2008; 57(5): 1331 - 1339.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am J Health Syst PharmHome page
D. Q. Pham, A. Nogid, and R. Plakogiannis
Sitagliptin: A novel agent for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus
Am. J. Health Syst. Pharm., March 15, 2008; 65(6): 521 - 531.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol.Home page
W. J. Lu, Q. Yang, W. Sun, S. C. Woods, D. D'Alessio, and P. Tso
The regulation of the lymphatic secretion of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) by intestinal absorption of fat and carbohydrate
Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol, November 1, 2007; 293(5): G963 - G971.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Physiol. Rev.Home page
J. J. Holst
The Physiology of Glucagon-like Peptide 1
Physiol Rev, October 1, 2007; 87(4): 1409 - 1439.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
J. J. Meier, J. J. Holst, W. E. Schmidt, and M. A. Nauck
Reduction of hepatic insulin clearance after oral glucose ingestion is not mediated by glucagon-like peptide 1 or gastric inhibitory polypeptide in humans
Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, September 1, 2007; 293(3): E849 - E856.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Diabetes CareHome page
D. J. Drucker
Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibition and the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes: Preclinical biology and mechanisms of action
Diabetes Care, June 1, 2007; 30(6): 1335 - 1343.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 JAOA: Journal of the American Osteopathic AssociationHome page
J. S. Freeman
The Pathophysiologic Role of Incretins
J Am Osteopath Assoc, May 1, 2007; 107(suppl_3): S6 - S9.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 JAOA: Journal of the American Osteopathic AssociationHome page
P. J. Boyle and J. S. Freeman
Application of Incretin Mimetics and Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV Inhibitors in Managing Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
J Am Osteopath Assoc, May 1, 2007; 107(suppl_3): S10 - S16.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 British Journal of Diabetes & Vascular DiseaseHome page
T. Vilsboll and F. K Knop
Review: DPP IV inhibitors - current evidence and future directions
The British Journal of Diabetes & Vascular Disease, March 1, 2007; 7(2): 69 - 74.
[Abstract] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Exp. Med.Home page
K. V. Tarbell, L. Petit, X. Zuo, P. Toy, X. Luo, A. Mqadmi, H. Yang, M. Suthanthiran, S. Mojsov, and R. M. Steinman
Dendritic cell-expanded, islet-specific CD4+ CD25+ CD62L+ regulatory T cells restore normoglycemia in diabetic NOD mice
J. Exp. Med., January 22, 2007; 204(1): 191 - 201.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 DiabetesHome page
K. Raun, P. von Voss, C. F. Gotfredsen, V. Golozoubova, B. Rolin, and L. B. Knudsen
Liraglutide, a Long-Acting Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Analog, Reduces Body Weight and Food Intake in Obese Candy-Fed Rats, Whereas a Dipeptidyl Peptidase-IV Inhibitor, Vildagliptin, Does Not
Diabetes, January 1, 2007; 56(1): 8 - 15.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J Clin PharmacolHome page
Y.-L. He, A. Horowitz, C. E. Watson, J. E. Foley, W. Sallas, and M. Ligueros-Saylan
Vildagliptin Does Not Affect C-Peptide Clearance in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
J. Clin. Pharmacol., January 1, 2007; 47(1): 127 - 131.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Diabetes CareHome page
B. Charbonnel, A. Karasik, J. Liu, M. Wu, G. Meininger, and for the Sitagliptin Study 020 Group
Efficacy and Safety of the Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitor Sitagliptin Added to Ongoing Metformin Therapy in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Inadequately Controlled With Metformin Alone
Diabetes Care, December 1, 2006; 29(12): 2638 - 2643.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J EndocrinolHome page
J. C. Parker, K S Lavery, N Irwin, B D Green, B Greer, P Harriott, F P M O'Harte, V A Gault, and P R Flatt
Effects of sub-chronic exposure to naturally occurring N-terminally truncated metabolites of glucose-dependent insulinotrophic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), GIP(3-42) and GLP-1(9-36)amide, on insulin secretion and glucose homeostasis in ob/ob mice.
J. Endocrinol., October 1, 2006; 191(1): 93 - 100.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Eur J EndocrinolHome page
J. Ryskjaer, C. F Deacon, R. D Carr, T. Krarup, S. Madsbad, J. Holst, and T. Vilsboll
Plasma dipeptidyl peptidase-IV activity in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus correlates positively with HbAlc levels, but is not acutely affected by food intake
Eur. J. Endocrinol., September 1, 2006; 155(3): 485 - 493.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
C. F. Deacon, A. Plamboeck, M. M. Rosenkilde, J. de Heer, and J. J. Holst
GIP-(3-42) does not antagonize insulinotropic effects of GIP at physiological concentrations
Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, September 1, 2006; 291(3): E468 - E475.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther.Home page
B. D. Green, K. S. Lavery, N. Irwin, F. P. M. O'Harte, P. Harriott, B. Greer, C. J. Bailey, and P. R. Flatt
Novel Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) Analog (Val8)GLP-1 Results in Significant Improvements of Glucose Tolerance and Pancreatic beta-Cell Function after 3-Week Daily Administration in Obese Diabetic (ob/ob) Mice
J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., August 1, 2006; 318(2): 914 - 921.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 EndocrinologyHome page
D. J. Drucker
Enhancing the action of incretin hormones: a new whey forward?
Endocrinology, July 1, 2006; 147(7): 3171 - 3172.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
J. J. Meier, A. Gethmann, M. A. Nauck, O. Gotze, F. Schmitz, C. F. Deacon, B. Gallwitz, W. E. Schmidt, and J. J. Holst
The glucagon-like peptide-1 metabolite GLP-1-(9-36) amide reduces postprandial glycemia independently of gastric emptying and insulin secretion in humans
Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, June 1, 2006; 290(6): E1118 - E1123.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
J. H. Schou, K. Pilgaard, T. Vilsboll, C. B. Jensen, C. F. Deacon, J. J. Holst, A. Volund, S. Madsbad, and A. A. Vaag
Normal Secretion and Action of the Gut Incretin Hormones Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 and Glucose-Dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide in Young Men with Low Birth Weight
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., August 1, 2005; 90(8): 4912 - 4919.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 EndocrinologyHome page
B. Ahren and T. E. Hughes
Inhibition of Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Augments Insulin Secretion in Response to Exogenously Administered Glucagon-Like Peptide-1, Glucose-Dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide, Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide, and Gastrin-Releasing Peptide in Mice
Endocrinology, April 1, 2005; 146(4): 2055 - 2059.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J EndocrinolHome page
G Uckaya, P Delagrange, A Chavanieu, G Grassy, M-F Berthault, A Ktorza, E Cerasi, G Leibowitz, and N Kaiser
Improvement of metabolic state in an animal model of nutrition-dependent type 2 diabetes following treatment with S 23521, a new glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) analogue
J. Endocrinol., March 1, 2005; 184(3): 505 - 513.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 DiabetesHome page
J. J. Holst and C. Orskov
The Incretin Approach for Diabetes Treatment: Modulation of Islet Hormone Release by GLP-1 Agonism
Diabetes, December 1, 2004; 53(suppl_3): S197 - S204.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 DiabetesHome page
C. F. Deacon
Therapeutic Strategies Based on Glucagon-Like Peptide 1
Diabetes, September 1, 2004; 53(9): 2181 - 2189.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 DiabetesHome page
L. L. Baggio, Q. Huang, T. J. Brown, and D. J. Drucker
A Recombinant Human Glucagon-Like Peptide (GLP)-1-Albumin Protein (Albugon) Mimics Peptidergic Activation of GLP-1 Receptor-Dependent Pathways Coupled With Satiety, Gastrointestinal Motility, and Glucose Homeostasis
Diabetes, September 1, 2004; 53(9): 2492 - 2500.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
R. Trebbien, L. Klarskov, M. Olesen, J. J. Holst, R. D. Carr, and C. F. Deacon
Neutral endopeptidase 24.11 is important for the degradation of both endogenous and exogenous glucagon in anesthetized pigs
Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, September 1, 2004; 287(3): E431 - E438.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 JRSMHome page
C M. B Edwards
GLP-1: target for a new class of antidiabetic agents?
J R Soc Med, June 1, 2004; 97(6): 270 - 274.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Diabetes CareHome page
S. Madsbad, O. Schmitz, J. Ranstam, G. Jakobsen, and D. R. Matthews
Improved Glycemic Control With No Weight Increase in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes After Once-Daily Treatment With the Long-Acting Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Analog Liraglutide (NN2211): A 12-week, double-blind, randomized, controlled trial
Diabetes Care, June 1, 2004; 27(6): 1335 - 1342.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
B. Ahren, M. Landin-Olsson, P.-A. Jansson, M. Svensson, D. Holmes, and A. Schweizer
Inhibition of Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Reduces Glycemia, Sustains Insulin Levels, and Reduces Glucagon Levels in Type 2 Diabetes
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., May 1, 2004; 89(5): 2078 - 2084.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Diabetes CareHome page
Z. T. Bloomgarden
Glycemic Treatment: Control of glycemia
Diabetes Care, May 1, 2004; 27(5): 1227 - 1234.
[Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
J. J. Meier, O. Goetze, J. Anstipp, D. Hagemann, J. J. Holst, W. E. Schmidt, B. Gallwitz, and M. A. Nauck
Gastric inhibitory polypeptide does not inhibit gastric emptying in humans
Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, April 1, 2004; 286(4): E621 - E625.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 DiabetesHome page
J. J. Meier, M. A. Nauck, D. Kranz, J. J. Holst, C. F. Deacon, D. Gaeckler, W. E. Schmidt, and B. Gallwitz
Secretion, Degradation, and Elimination of Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 and Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide in Patients with Chronic Renal Insufficiency and Healthy Control Subjects
Diabetes, March 1, 2004; 53(3): 654 - 662.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Diabetes CareHome page
B. Ahren, J. J. Holst, and A. Mari
Characterization of GLP-1 Effects on {beta}-Cell Function After Meal Ingestion in Humans
Diabetes Care, October 1, 2003; 26(10): 2860 - 2864.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Diabetes CareHome page
D. J. Drucker
Enhancing Incretin Action for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes
Diabetes Care, October 1, 2003; 26(10): 2929 - 2940.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Diabetes CareHome page
F. K. Knop, T. Vilsboll, S. Larsen, S. Madsbad, J. J. Holst, and T. Krarup
No Hypoglycemia After Subcutaneous Administration of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 in Lean Type 2 Diabetic Patients and in Patients With Diabetes Secondary to Chronic Pancreatitis
Diabetes Care, September 1, 2003; 26(9): 2581 - 2587.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
C. F. Deacon, M. Kelstrup, R. Trebbien, L. Klarskov, M. Olesen, and J. J. Holst
Differential regional metabolism of glucagon in anesthetized pigs
Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, September 1, 2003; 285(3): E552 - E560.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Nutr.Home page
A. Aziz and G. H. Anderson
Exendin-4, a GLP-1 Receptor Agonist, Interacts with Proteins and Their Products of Digestion to Suppress Food Intake in Rats
J. Nutr., July 1, 2003; 133(7): 2326 - 2330.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
T. Vilsboll, T. Krarup, J. Sonne, S. Madsbad, A. Volund, A. G. Juul, and J. J. Holst
Incretin Secretion in Relation to Meal Size and Body Weight in Healthy Subjects and People with Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., June 1, 2003; 88(6): 2706 - 2713.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USAHome page
S. L. Conarello, Z. Li, J. Ronan, R. S. Roy, L. Zhu, G. Jiang, F. Liu, J. Woods, E. Zycband, D. E. Moller, et al.
Mice lacking dipeptidyl peptidase IV are protected against obesity and insulin resistance
PNAS, May 27, 2003; 100(11): 6825 - 6830.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
T. P. Vahl, B. W. Paty, B. D. Fuller, R. L. Prigeon, and D. A. D'Alessio
Effects of GLP-1-(7-36)NH2, GLP-1-(7-37), and GLP-1- (9-36)NH2 on Intravenous Glucose Tolerance and Glucose-Induced Insulin Secretion in Healthy Humans
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., April 1, 2003; 88(4): 1772 - 1779.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Diabetes CareHome page
S. Quddusi, T. P. Vahl, K. Hanson, R. L. Prigeon, and D. A. D'Alessio
Differential Effects of Acute and Extended Infusions of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 on First- and Second-Phase Insulin Secretion in Diabetic and Nondiabetic Humans
Diabetes Care, March 1, 2003; 26(3): 791 - 798.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
T. Vilsboll, H. Agerso, T. Krarup, and J. J. Holst
Similar Elimination Rates of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 in Obese Type 2 Diabetic Patients and Healthy Subjects
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., January 1, 2003; 88(1): 220 - 224.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
B. Rolin, M. O. Larsen, C. F. Gotfredsen, C. F. Deacon, R. D. Carr, M. Wilken, and L. B. Knudsen
The long-acting GLP-1 derivative NN2211 ameliorates glycemia and increases beta -cell mass in diabetic mice
Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, October 1, 2002; 283(4): E745 - E752.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Diabetes CareHome page
B. Ahren, E. Simonsson, H. Larsson, M. Landin-Olsson, H. Torgeirsson, P.-A. Jansson, M. Sandqvist, P. Bavenholm, S. Efendic, J. W. Eriksson, et al.
Inhibition of Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV Improves Metabolic Control Over a 4-Week Study Period in Type 2 Diabetes
Diabetes Care, May 1, 2002; 25(5): 869 - 875.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Nutr.Home page
A. Aziz and G. H. Anderson
Exendin-4, a GLP-1 Receptor Agonist, Modulates the Effect of Macronutrients on Food Intake by Rats
J. Nutr., May 1, 2002; 132(5): 990 - 995.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 DiabetesHome page
P. J. Larsen, C. Fledelius, L. B. Knudsen, and M. Tang-Christensen
Systemic Administration of the Long-Acting GLP-1 Derivative NN2211 Induces Lasting and Reversible Weight Loss in Both Normal and Obese Rats
Diabetes, November 1, 2001; 50(11): 2530 - 2539.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
M.-B. Toft-Nielsen, M. B. Damholt, S. Madsbad, L. M. Hilsted, T. E. Hughes, B. K. Michelsen, and J. J. Holst
Determinants of the Impaired Secretion of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 in Type 2 Diabetic Patients
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., August 1, 2001; 86(8): 3717 - 3723.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 DiabetesHome page
C. F. Deacon, P. Danielsen, L. Klarskov, M. Olesen, and J. J. Holst
Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV Inhibition Reduces the Degradation and Clearance of GIP and Potentiates Its Insulinotropic and Antihyperglycemic Effects in Anesthetized Pigs
Diabetes, July 1, 2001; 50(7): 1588 - 1597.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Diabetes CareHome page
M. Zander, M. Taskiran, M.-B. Toft-Nielsen, S. Madsbad, and J. J. Holst
Additive Glucose-Lowering Effects of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 and Metformin in Type 2 Diabetes
Diabetes Care, April 1, 2001; 24(4): 720 - 725.
[Abstract] [Full Text]

Home page
 DiabetesHome page
T. Vilsbøll, T. Krarup, C. F. Deacon, S. Madsbad, and J. J. Holst
Reduced Postprandial Concentrations of Intact Biologically Active Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 in Type 2 Diabetic Patients
Diabetes, March 1, 2001; 50(3): 609 - 613.
[Abstract] [Full Text]

Home page
 EndocrinologyHome page
D. J. Drucker
Minireview: The Glucagon-Like Peptides
Endocrinology, February 1, 2001; 142(2): 521 - 527.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
C. F. Deacon, M. A. Nauck, J. Meier, K. Hücking, and J. J. Holst
Degradation of Endogenous and Exogenous Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide in Healthy and in Type 2 Diabetic Subjects as Revealed Using a New Assay for the Intact Peptide
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., October 1, 2000; 85(10): 3575 - 3581.
[Abstract] [Full Text]

Home page
 Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol.Home page
B. Balkan and X. Li
Portal GLP-1 administration in rats augments the insulin response to glucose via neuronal mechanisms
Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, October 1, 2000; 279(4): R1449 - R1454.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
B. Hartmann, M. B. Harr, P. B. Jeppesen, M. Wojdemann, C. F. Deacon, P. B. Mortensen, and J. J. Holst
In Vivo and in Vitro Degradation of Glucagon-Like Peptide-2 in Humans
J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., August 1, 2000; 85(8): 2884 - 2888.
[Abstract] [Full Text]

Home page
 Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
L. Hansen, B. Hartmann, T. Bisgaard, H. Mineo, P. N. Jorgensen, and J. J. Holst
Somatostatin restrains the secretion of glucagon-like peptide-1 and -2 from isolated perfused porcine ileum
Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, June 1, 2000; 278(6): E1010 - E1018.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol.Home page
Q. Xiao, R. P. Boushey, M. Cino, D. J. Drucker, and P. L. Brubaker
Circulating levels of glucagon-like peptide-2 in human subjects with inflammatory bowel disease
Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, April 1, 2000; 278(4): R1057 - R1063.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab.Home page
W. Tavares, D. J. Drucker, and P. L. Brubaker
Enzymatic- and renal-dependent catabolism of the intestinotropic hormone glucagon-like peptide-2 in rats
Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, January 1, 2000; 278(1): E134 - E139.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Endocr. Rev.Home page
T. J. Kieffer and J. Francis Habener
The Glucagon-Like Peptides
Endocr. Rev., December 1, 1999; 20(6): 876 - 913.
[Abstract] [Full Text]

Home page
 EndocrinologyHome page
L. Hansen, C. F. Deacon, C. Ørskov, and J. J. Holst
Glucagon-Like Peptide-1-(7-36)Amide Is Transformed to Glucagon-Like Peptide-1-(9-36)Amide by Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV in the Capillaries Supplying the L Cells of the Porcine Intestine
Endocrinology, November 1, 1999; 140(11): 5356 - 5363.
[Abstract] [Full Text]