Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, Vol 79, 20-24, Copyright © 1994 by Endocrine Society

ARTICLES

Oral iodized oil for correcting iodine deficiency: optimal dosing and outcome indicator selection

M Benmiloud, ML Chaouki, R Gutekunst, HM Teichert, WG Wood and JT Dunn
Iodized Oil Study Group of the International Council for the Control of Iodine Deficiency Disorders, Algiers, Algeria.

Oral iodized oil is the major alternative to iodized salt for correcting endemic iodine deficiency. This study responds to a need for better guidelines in its use. Schoolchildren, aged 6-11 yr, from a severely iodine-deficient area of Algeria received iodized poppy seed oil (Lipiodol) in a single oral dose containing 120, 240, 480, or 960 mg iodine (groups A-D) or in an im injection of 480 mg iodine (group E). Thyroid volume by ultrasonography had not changed 395 days after treatment in groups A, B, and C, had decreased in groups D and E. Urinary iodine concentration rose rapidly from an initial median of 0.21 mumol/L, but fell below 0.79 mumol/L (the currently accepted level for indicating iodine deficiency) by 150 days for groups A and B, and by 395 days for groups C and D. Median serum TSH and T4 levels were normal before and after treatment, whereas high initial serum thyroglobulin values decreased in all groups after iodized oil treatment. For correcting iodine deficiency in children, we recommend single oral doses of Lipiodol containing 240 mg iodine for 6-month coverage or 480 mg for 12 months. These doses may not completely sustain iodine sufficiency, but will prevent the worst of the iodine deficiency disorders. Additionally, we conclude that the urinary iodine concentration is the most useful epidemiological indicator for assessing current iodine status, and thyroid volume and serum thyroglobulin levels are the best markers for assessing chronic effects.

This article has been cited by other articles:

				M. B. Zimmermann, B. de Benoist, S. Corigliano, P. L. Jooste, L. Molinari, K. Moosa, E. A. Pretell, Z. S. Al-Dallal, Y. Wei, C. Zu-Pei, et al. Assessment of Iodine Status Using Dried Blood Spot Thyroglobulin: Development of Reference Material and Establishment of an International Reference Range in Iodine-Sufficient Children J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., December 1, 2006; 91(12): 4881 - 4887. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. Untoro, W. Schultink, C. E West, R. Gross, and J. G. Hautvast Efficacy of oral iodized peanut oil is greater than that of iodized poppy seed oil among Indonesian schoolchildren. Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, November 1, 2006; 84(5): 1208 - 1214. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. B. Zimmermann Assessing Iodine Status and Monitoring Progress of Iodized Salt Programs J. Nutr., July 1, 2004; 134(7): 1673 - 1677. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				M. B Zimmermann, D. Moretti, N. Chaouki, and T. Torresani Development of a dried whole-blood spot thyroglobulin assay and its evaluation as an indicator of thyroid status in goitrous children receiving iodized salt Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, June 1, 2003; 77(6): 1453 - 1458. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. B Zimmermann, S. Y Hess, P. Adou, T. Toresanni, R. Wegmuller, and R. F Hurrell Thyroid size and goiter prevalence after introduction of iodized salt: a 5-y prospective study in schoolchildren in Cote d'Ivoire Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, March 1, 2003; 77(3): 663 - 667. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				L. B Rasmussen, L. Ovesen, I. Bulow, T. Jorgensen, N. Knudsen, P. Laurberg, and H. Perrild Relations between various measures of iodine intake and thyroid volume, thyroid nodularity, and serum thyroglobulin Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, November 1, 2002; 76(5): 1069 - 1076. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				T. van den Briel, C. E. West, J. G.A.J. Hautvast, T. Vulsma, J. J. M. de Vijlder, and E. A. Ategbo Serum Thyroglobulin and Urinary Iodine Concentration Are the Most Appropriate Indicators of Iodine Status and Thyroid Function under Conditions of Increasing Iodine Supply in Schoolchildren in Benin J. Nutr., October 1, 2001; 131(10): 2701 - 2706. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				T. van den Briel, C. E West, N. Bleichrodt, F. J. van de Vijver, E. A Ategbo, and J. G. Hautvast Improved iodine status is associated with improved mental performance of schoolchildren in Benin Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, November 1, 2000; 72(5): 1179 - 1185. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				P. L Jooste, M. J Weight, and C. J Lombard Short-term effectiveness of mandatory iodization of table salt, at an elevated iodine concentration, on the iodine and goiter status of schoolchildren with endemic goiter1 Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, January 1, 2000; 71(1): 75 - 80. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. Zimmermann, P. Adou, T. Torresani, C. Zeder, and R. Hurrell Persistence of goiter despite oral iodine supplementation in goitrous children with iron deficiency anemia in Cote d'Ivoire1 Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, January 1, 2000; 71(1): 88 - 93. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				G. Kahaly, H. P. Dienes, J. Beyer, and G. Hommel Randomized, Double Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Low Dose Iodide in Endemic Goiter J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., December 1, 1997; 82(12): 4049 - 4053. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. Glinoer The Regulation of Thyroid Function in Pregnancy: Pathways of Endocrine Adaptation from Physiology to Pathology Endocr. Rev., June 1, 1997; 18(3): 404 - 433. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				F. Aghini-Lombardi, L. Antonangeli, A. Pinchera, F. Leoli, T. Rago, A. M. Bartolomei, and P. Vitti Effect of Iodized Salt on Thyroid Volume of Children Living in an Area Previously Characterized by Moderate Iodine Deficiency J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., April 1, 1997; 82(4): 1136 - 1139. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]