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,
MARK L. HARTMAN,
JOHANNES D. VELDHUIS,
WILLIAM M. TAYLOR and
MICHAEL O. THORNER
Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia Health Sciences Center Charlottesville, Virginia 22908
Address all correspondence and requests for reprints to: Dr. Michael O. Thorner, Kenneth R. Crispell Professor of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Box 511, University of Virginia Health Sciences Center, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908.
Supported by DFG (Ho 1041). Present address: Department of Pediatrics I, University of Ulm Medical Center, Ulm/Donau, Germany.
Both fasting and sleep increase the secretion of human GH and, therefore, might explain its predominantly nocturnal release. To study the precise temporal relationship between GH secretory episodes and cortical activity, GH measurements and electroencephalogram sleep stage recordings were performed every 30 s for 8 h in six young male volunteers fasted for 24 h. GH was measured in two drops of whole blood, which were directly sampled into the assay tube using a continuous blood withdrawal pump and a fraction collector. Concomitant serum sampling during a GH-releasing hormone test (n = 4) revealed a high correlation (r = 0.98) between GH measurements in serum and whole blood. GH pulses were objectively identified with Cluster analysis, and GH secretion rates were calculated with a waveform-independent deconvolution algorithm. When data were analyzed as replicates with 1-min intervals, the nocturnal pulse frequency was 1.2 pulses/h. Elimination of data points demonstrated 43% and 64% reductions in the number of GH pulses detected for 5- and 20-min sampling intervals, respectively. Mean GH concentrations and secretory rates were significantly higher during stage 3 and 4 sleep compared to stage 1, 2, and rapid eye movement sleep. GH secretory rates and peripheral GH concentrations were maximally correlated with sleep stage, with lags of 4.5 and 16 min, respectively, suggesting that maximal GH release occurs within minutes of the onset of stage 3 or 4 sleep. This temporal coincidence between pituitary GH secretion and 
sleep is consistent with cortical control over hypothalamic-pituitary function. (J Clin Endocrinol Metab 72: 854–861, 1991)
* Presented in part at the 71st Annual Meeting of The Endocrine Society, Seattle, WA, 1989. This work was supported by NIH Grants DK-32632 (to M.O.T.), Research Career Development Awards 1K04-HD-00634 and HD-16806 (to J.D.V.), Grant KO8-HD-00860 (to M.L.H.), Diabetes and Endocrinology Research Center Grant DK-38942, Grant RR-0847 (to University of Virginia General Clinical Research Center, including CLINFO), the Pratt Foundation, and the University of Virginia Academic Enhancement Fund (to the Biodynamics Institute).
Received June 22, 1990.
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