| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
Thyroid Study Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago Chicago, Illinois 60637
Address all correspondence and requests for reprints to: Leslie J. DeGroot, M.D., Thyroid Study Unit, Box 138, University of Chicago, 5841 South Maryland Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637.
We have analyzed the course of papillary thyroid carcinoma in 269 patients managed at the University of Chicago, with an average follow-up period of 12 yr from the time of diagnosis. Patients were categorized by clinical class; I, with intrathyroidal disease; II, with cervical nodal metastases; III, with extrathyroidal invasion; and IV, with distant metastases.Half of the patients had a history of thyroid enlargement known, on the average, for over 3 yr. In 15% of patients given thyroid hormone, the mass decreased in size. The peak incidence of cancer was when subjects were between 20–40 yr of age. Tumors averaged 2.4 cm in size; 21.6% had tumor capsule invasion, and 46% of patients had multifocal tumors. Sixty-six percent of the patients had near-total or total thyroidectomy. The overall incidence of postoperative hypoparathyroidism was 8.4%, but the incidence was zero in 83 near-total or total thyroidectomies carried out by 1 surgeon. Twenty-five percent of the patientshad continuing or recurrent disease, and 8.2% died from cancer. Deaths occurred largely in patients with class III or IV disease. Cervical lymph nodes were associated with increased recurrences, but not increased deaths. Extrathyroidal invasion carried an increased risk of 5.8-fold for death, and distant metastases increased this risk 47-fold. Age over 45 yr at diagnosis increased the risk of death 32-fold. Tumor size over 3 cm increased the risk of death 5.8-fold. Surgical treatment combining lobectomy plus at least contralateral subtotal thyroidectomy was associated, by Cox proportional hazard analysis, with decreased risk of death in patients with tumors larger than 1 cm and decreased risk of recurrence among all patients, including patients in classes I and II, compared to patients who underwent unilateral thyroid surgery or bilateral subtotal resections. By 
2 analysis, 131I ablation of residual thyroid tissue after operation was associated with decreased risk of recurrence in tumors larger than 1 cm and decreased risk of death in patients in classes I and II with tumors more than 1 cm in size. The data strongly support the use of more extensive initial surgery in class I and II patients with tumors more than 1 cm in size as well as postoperative radioactive 131I ablation of thyroid remnant tissue.
* This work was supported by USPHS Grants DK-13377 and DK-27384, March of Dimes Grant 1–1166, The Boots Co., the David Wiener Research Fund, and the Nathan and Frances Goldblatt Society for Cancer Research.
Received February 5, 1990.
This article has been cited by other articles:
 |
|
 |
|
  N. Emmanouilidis, J. A Muller, M. D Jager, S. Kaaden, F. A Helfritz, Z. Guner, H. Kespohl, W. Knitsch, W. H Knapp, J. Klempnauer, et al. Surgery and radioablation therapy combined: introducing a 1-week-condensed procedure bonding total thyroidectomy and radioablation therapy with recombinant human TSH Eur. J. Endocrinol., November 1, 2009; 161(5): 763 - 769. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Garg, D. Kanojia, S. Suri, S. Gupta, A. Gupta, and A. Suri Sperm-Associated Antigen 9: A Novel Diagnostic Marker for Thyroid cancer J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., November 1, 2009; 94(11): 4613 - 4618. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. Miccoli, A. Pinchera, G. Materazzi, A. Biagini, P. Berti, P. Faviana, E. Molinaro, D. Viola, and R. Elisei Surgical Treatment of Low- and Intermediate-Risk Papillary Thyroid Cancer with Minimally Invasive Video-Assisted Thyroidectomy J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., May 1, 2009; 94(5): 1618 - 1622. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 H. Raef, T. Dahhan, M. Ahmed, M. Mubarak, T. Rana, and A. Tulba Recurrent thyroid storm induced by heretofore unrecognised causes in a patient with thyroid cancer BMJ Case Reports, April 14, 2009; 2009(apr14_1): bcr0720080442 - bcr0720080442. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. A. Onitilo, J. M. Engel, C. I. Lundgren, P. Hall, L. Thalib, and S. A.R. Doi Simplifying the TNM System for Clinical Use in Differentiated Thyroid Cancer J. Clin. Oncol., April 10, 2009; 27(11): 1872 - 1878. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M Chianelli, V Todino, F M Graziano, C Panunzi, D Pace, R Guglielmi, A Signore, and E Papini Low-activity (2.0 GBq; 54 mCi) radioiodine post-surgical remnant ablation in thyroid cancer: comparison between hormone withdrawal and use of rhTSH in low-risk patients Eur. J. Endocrinol., March 1, 2009; 160(3): 431 - 436. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. M SCOTT Thyroid Cancer in Adults Radiol. Technol., January 1, 2009; 80(3): 241 - 261. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 X. Lin, S. D Finkelstein, B. Zhu, and J. F Silverman Molecular analysis of multifocal papillary thyroid carcinoma J. Mol. Endocrinol., October 1, 2008; 41(4): 195 - 203. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Elisei, C. Ugolini, D. Viola, C. Lupi, A. Biagini, R. Giannini, C. Romei, P. Miccoli, A. Pinchera, and F. Basolo BRAFV600E Mutation and Outcome of Patients with Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma: A 15-Year Median Follow-Up Study J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., October 1, 2008; 93(10): 3943 - 3949. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 W.-J. Moon, S. L. Jung, J. H. Lee, D. G. Na, J.-H. Baek, Y. H. Lee, J. Kim, H. S. Kim, J. S. Byun, D. H. Lee, et al. Benign and Malignant Thyroid Nodules: US Differentiation--Multicenter Retrospective Study Radiology, June 1, 2008; 247(3): 762 - 770. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A.-L. Borel, R. Boizel, P. Faure, G. Barbe, J. Boutonnat, N. Sturm, D. Seigneurin, I. Bricault, J.-P. Caravel, P. Chaffanjon, et al. Significance of low levels of thyroglobulin in fine needle aspirates from cervical lymph nodes of patients with a history of differentiated thyroid cancer Eur. J. Endocrinol., May 1, 2008; 158(5): 691 - 698. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Bardet, E. Malville, J.-P. Rame, E. Babin, G. Samama, D. De Raucourt, J.-J. Michels, Y. Reznik, and M. Henry-Amar Macroscopic lymph-node involvement and neck dissection predict lymph-node recurrence in papillary thyroid carcinoma. Eur. J. Endocrinol., April 1, 2008; 158(4): 551 - 560. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R Gupta, S Viswanathan, A D'Cruz, and S V Kane Metastatic papillary carcinoma of thyroid masquerading as a renal tumour J. Clin. Pathol., January 1, 2008; 61(1): 143 - 143. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Xing BRAF Mutation in Papillary Thyroid Cancer: Pathogenic Role, Molecular Bases, and Clinical Implications Endocr. Rev., December 1, 2007; 28(7): 742 - 762. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. Sakano, M. Takahashi, M. Mutoh, N. Niho, M. Komiya, H. Sato, T. Tanaka, T. Sugimura, and K. Wakabayashi Enhanced thyroid carcinogenicity of N-nitrosobis(2-oxopropyl)amine in Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty rats, a model of type II diabetes mellitus Carcinogenesis, October 1, 2007; 28(10): 2193 - 2198. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 P. Z. Pace-Asciak, R. J. Payne, S. J. Eski, P. Walfish, M. Damani, and J. L. Freeman Cost Savings of Patients With a MACIS Score Lower Than 6 When Radioactive Iodine Is Not Given Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg, September 1, 2007; 133(9): 870 - 873. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Hu, J. Clark, R. J. Payne, S. Eski, P. G. Walfish, and J. L. Freeman Extrathyroidal Extension in Well-Differentiated Thyroid Cancer: Macroscopic vs Microscopic as a Predictor of Outcome Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg, July 1, 2007; 133(7): 644 - 649. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. A.R. Doi, N. J. Woodhouse, L. Thalib, and A. Onitilo Ablation of the Thyroid Remnant and I-131 Dose in Differentiated Thyroid Cancer: A Meta-Analysis Revisited Clin. Med. Res., June 1, 2007; 5(2): 87 - 90. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 B. H.-H. Lang, C.-Y. Lo, W.-F. Chan, K.-Y. Lam, and K.-Y. Wan Staging systems for follicular thyroid carcinoma: application to 171 consecutive patients treated in a tertiary referral centre Endocr. Relat. Cancer, March 1, 2007; 14(1): 29 - 42. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. Wada, H. Nakayama, N. Suganuma, Y. Masudo, Y. Rino, M. Masuda, and T. Imada Prognostic Value of the Sixth Edition AJCC/UICC TNM Classification for Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma with Extrathyroid Extension J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., January 1, 2007; 92(1): 215 - 218. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. Siironen, A. Ristimaki, K. Narko, S. Nordling, J. Louhimo, S. Andersson, R. Haapiainen, and C. Haglund VEGF-C and COX-2 expression in papillary thyroid cancer. Endocr. Relat. Cancer, June 1, 2006; 13(2): 465 - 473. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. F. A. Eustatia-Rutten, E. P. M. Corssmit, N. R. Biermasz, A. M. Pereira, J. A. Romijn, and J. W. Smit Survival and Death Causes in Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., January 1, 2006; 91(1): 313 - 319. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B Jarzab, D Handkiewicz-Junak, and J Wloch Juvenile differentiated thyroid carcinoma and the role of radioiodine in its treatment: a qualitative review Endocr. Relat. Cancer, December 1, 2005; 12(4): 773 - 803. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. C. Frates, C. B. Benson, J. W. Charboneau, E. S. Cibas, O. H. Clark, B. G. Coleman, J. J. Cronan, P. M. Doubilet, D. B. Evans, J. R. Goellner, et al. Management of Thyroid Nodules Detected at US: Society of Radiologists in Ultrasound Consensus Conference Statement Radiology, December 1, 2005; 237(3): 794 - 800. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. M. Vieira, S. C R. Santos, C. Espadinha, I. Correia, T. Vag, C. Casalou, B. M. Cavaco, A. L. Catarino, S. Dias, and V. Leite Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptors in thyroid carcinomas of follicular origin: a potential autocrine loop Eur. J. Endocrinol., November 1, 2005; 153(5): 701 - 709. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Leboulleux, C. Rubino, E. Baudin, B. Caillou, D. M. Hartl, J.-M. Bidart, J.-P. Travagli, and M. Schlumberger Prognostic Factors for Persistent or Recurrent Disease of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma with Neck Lymph Node Metastases and/or Tumor Extension beyond the Thyroid Capsule at Initial Diagnosis J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., October 1, 2005; 90(10): 5723 - 5729. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J.-D. Lin, S.-T. Chen, T.-C. Chao, C. Hsueh, and H.-F. Weng Diagnosis and Therapeutic Strategy for Papillary Thyroid Microcarcinoma Arch Surg, October 1, 2005; 140(10): 940 - 945. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. Ma, J. Xie, and A. Kuang Is Empiric 131I Therapy Justified for Patients with Positive Thyroglobulin and Negative 131I Whole-Body Scanning Results? J. Nucl. Med., July 1, 2005; 46(7): 1164 - 1170. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. L. Motti, D. Califano, G. Baldassarre, A. Celetti, F. Merolla, F. Forzati, M. Napolitano, B. Tavernise, A. Fusco, and G. Viglietto Reduced E-cadherin expression contributes to the loss of p27kip1-mediated mechanism of contact inhibition in thyroid anaplastic carcinomas Carcinogenesis, June 1, 2005; 26(6): 1021 - 1034. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. A Verburg, B. de Keizer, C. J M Lips, P. M J Zelissen, and J. M H de Klerk Prognostic significance of successful ablation with radioiodine of differentiated thyroid cancer patients Eur. J. Endocrinol., January 1, 2005; 152(1): 33 - 37. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Rouxel, G. Hejblum, M.-O. Bernier, P.-Y. Boelle, F. Menegaux, G. Mansour, C. Hoang, A. Aurengo, and L. Leenhardt Prognostic Factors Associated with the Survival of Patients Developing Loco-Regional Recurrences of Differentiated Thyroid Carcinomas J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., November 1, 2004; 89(11): 5362 - 5368. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 F. Furuya, H. Shimura, A. Miyazaki, K. Taki, K. Ohta, K. Haraguchi, T. Onaya, T. Endo, and T. Kobayashi Adenovirus-Mediated Transfer of Thyroid Transcription Factor-1 Induces Radioiodide Organification and Retention in Thyroid Cancer Cells Endocrinology, November 1, 2004; 145(11): 5397 - 5405. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Jukkola, R. Bloigu, T. Ebeling, P. Salmela, and G. Blanco Prognostic factors in differentiated thyroid carcinomas and their implications for current staging classifications Endocr. Relat. Cancer, September 1, 2004; 11(3): 571 - 579. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. M. Sawka, K. Thephamongkhol, M. Brouwers, L. Thabane, G. Browman, and H. C. Gerstein A Systematic Review and Metaanalysis of the Effectiveness of Radioactive Iodine Remnant Ablation for Well-Differentiated Thyroid Cancer J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., August 1, 2004; 89(8): 3668 - 3676. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Pellegriti, C. Scollo, G. Lumera, C. Regalbuto, R. Vigneri, and A. Belfiore Clinical Behavior and Outcome of Papillary Thyroid Cancers Smaller than 1.5 cm in Diameter: Study of 299 Cases J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., August 1, 2004; 89(8): 3713 - 3720. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 P. W. S. do Rosario, T. A. Fagundes, F. F. R. Maia, A. C. H. M. Franco, M. B. Figueiredo, and S. Purisch Sonography in the Diagnosis of Cervical Recurrence in Patients With Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma J. Ultrasound Med., July 1, 2004; 23(7): 915 - 920. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Toubeau, C. Touzery, P. Arveux, G. Chaplain, G. Vaillant, A. Berriolo, J.-M. Riedinger, C. Boichot, A. Cochet, and F. Brunotte Predictive Value for Disease Progression of Serum Thyroglobulin Levels Measured in the Postoperative Period and After 131I Ablation Therapy in Patients with Differentiated Thyroid Cancer J. Nucl. Med., June 1, 2004; 45(6): 988 - 994. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. Furuya, H. Shimura, H. Suzuki, K. Taki, K. Ohta, K. Haraguchi, T. Onaya, T. Endo, and T. Kobayashi Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors Restore Radioiodide Uptake and Retention in Poorly Differentiated and Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer Cells by Expression of the Sodium/Iodide Symporter Thyroperoxidase and Thyroglobulin Endocrinology, June 1, 2004; 145(6): 2865 - 2875. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. S. Bal, A. Kumar, and G. S. Pant Radioiodine Dose for Remnant Ablation in Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma: A Randomized Clinical Trial in 509 Patients J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., April 1, 2004; 89(4): 1666 - 1673. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Kim, J. P. Wei, J. M. Braveman, and D. M. Brams Predicting Outcome and Directing Therapy for Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma Arch Surg, April 1, 2004; 139(4): 390 - 394. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K Kakudo, W Tang, Y Ito, Y Nakamura, H Yasuoka, S Morita, and A Miyauchi Parathyroid invasion, nodal recurrence, and lung metastasis by papillary carcinoma of the thyroid J. Clin. Pathol., March 1, 2004; 57(3): 245 - 249. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 T. G. Eccles, A. Patel, A. Verma, D. Nicholson, Y. Lukes, R. M. Tuttle, and G. L. Francis Erythropoietin and the Erythropoietin Receptor Are Expressed by Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma fromChildren and Adolescents.: Expression of Erythropoietin Receptor Might Be a Favorable Prognostic Indicator Ann. Clin. Lab. Sci., October 1, 2003; 33(4): 411 - 422. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. Barbaro, G. Boni, G. Meucci, U. Simi, P. Lapi, P. Orsini, C. Pasquini, F. Piazza, M. Caciagli, and G. Mariani Radioiodine Treatment with 30 mCi after Recombinant Human Thyrotropin Stimulation in Thyroid Cancer: Effectiveness for Postsurgical Remnants Ablation and Possible Role of Iodine Content in L-Thyroxine in the Outcome of Ablation J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., September 1, 2003; 88(9): 4110 - 4115. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Modi, A. Patel, R. Terrell, R. M. Tuttle, and G. L. Francis Papillary Thyroid Carcinomas from Young Adults and Children Contain a Mixture of Lymphocytes J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., September 1, 2003; 88(9): 4418 - 4425. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. J. Robbins, S. M. Larson, N. Sinha, A. Shaha, C. Divgi, K. S. Pentlow, R. Ghossein, and R. M. Tuttle A Retrospective Review of the Effectiveness of Recombinant Human TSH as a Preparation for Radioiodine Thyroid Remnant Ablation J. Nucl. Med., November 1, 2002; 43(11): 1482 - 1488. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. F. Pingpank Jr, A. R. Sasson, A. L. Hanlon, C. D. Friedman, and J. A. Ridge Tumor Above the Spinal Accessory Nerve in Papillary Thyroid Cancer That Involves Lateral Neck Nodes: A Common Occurrence Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg, November 1, 2002; 128(11): 1275 - 1278. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Shah, K. Banks, A. Patel, S. Dogra, R. Terrell, P. A. Powers, C. Fenton, C. A. Dinauer, R. M. Tuttle, and G. L. Francis Intense Expression of the B7-2 Antigen Presentation Coactivator Is an Unfavorable Prognostic Indicator for Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma of Children and Adolescents J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., September 1, 2002; 87(9): 4391 - 4397. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. Pacini, M. Capezzone, R. Elisei, C. Ceccarelli, D. Taddei, and A. Pinchera Diagnostic 131-Iodine Whole-Body Scan May Be Avoided in Thyroid Cancer Patients Who Have Undetectable Stimulated Serum Tg Levels After Initial Treatment J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., April 1, 2002; 87(4): 1499 - 1501. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. L. C. Khoo, N. J. P. Beasley, S. Ezzat, J. L. Freeman, and S. L. Asa Overexpression of Cyclin D1 and Underexpression of p27 Predict Lymph Node Metastases in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., April 1, 2002; 87(4): 1814 - 1818. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. C. Roach, K. S. Heller, S. Dubner, and L. A. Sznyter The Value of Frozen Section Examinations in Determining the Extent of Thyroid Surgery in Patients With Indeterminate Fine-Needle Aspiration Cytology Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg, March 1, 2002; 128(3): 263 - 267. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y. Kitamura, K. Shimizu, K. Ito, S. Tanaka, and M. Emi Allelotyping of Follicular Thyroid Carcinoma: Frequent Allelic Losses in Chromosome Arms 7q, 11p, and 22q J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., September 1, 2001; 86(9): 4268 - 4272. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Zafon, G. Obiols, J. CastellvI, N. Tallada, P. Galofre, E. Gemar, J. Mesa, and R. Simo nm23-H1 Immunoreactivity as a Prognostic Factor in Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., August 1, 2001; 86(8): 3975 - 3980. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. L. Fenton, A. Patel, H. B. Burch, R. M. Tuttle, and G. L. Francis Nuclear Localization of Thyroid Transcription Factor-1 Correlates with Serum Thyrotropin Activity and May Be Increased in Differentiated Thyroid Carcinomas with Aggressive Clinical Course Ann. Clin. Lab. Sci., July 1, 2001; 31(3): 245 - 252. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. Even-Sapir, Z. Keidar, J. Sachs, A. Engel, L. Bettman, D. Gaitini, L. Guralnik, N. Werbin, G. Iosilevsky, and O. Israel The New Technology of Combined Transmission and Emission Tomography in Evaluation of Endocrine Neoplasms J. Nucl. Med., July 1, 2001; 42(7): 998 - 1004. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 H. Shimura, H. Suzuki, A. Miyazaki, F. Furuya, K. Ohta, K. Haraguchi, T. Endo, and T. Onaya Transcriptional Activation of the Thyroglobulin Promoter Directing Suicide Gene Expression by Thyroid Transcription Factor-1 in Thyroid Cancer Cells Cancer Res., May 1, 2001; 61(9): 3640 - 3646. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. L. Mazzaferri and R. T. Kloos Current Approaches to Primary Therapy for Papillary and Follicular Thyroid Cancer J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., April 1, 2001; 86(4): 1447 - 1463. [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M.-O. Bernier, L. Leenhardt, C. Hoang, A. Aurengo, J.-Y. Mary, F. Menegaux, E. Enkaoua, G. Turpin, J. Chiras, G. Saillant, et al. Survival and Therapeutic Modalities in Patients with Bone Metastases of Differentiated Thyroid Carcinomas J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., April 1, 2001; 86(4): 1568 - 1573. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. W. Randolph Papillary Carcinoma of the Thyroid: Extent of Thyroidectomy Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg, April 1, 2001; 127(4): 462 - 463. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Gupta, A. Patel, A. Folstad, C. Fenton, C. A. Dinauer, R. M. Tuttle, R. Conran, and G. L. Francis Infiltration of Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma by Proliferating Lymphocytes Is Associated with Improved Disease-Free Survival for Children and Young Adults J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., March 1, 2001; 86(3): 1346 - 1354. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. A. R. Doi Usefulness of the Diagnostic Total Body Scan in Differentiated Thyroid Cancer J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., February 1, 2001; 86(2): 949 - 949. [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Ohshima, H. Yamashita, S. Noguchi, S. Uchino, S. Watanabe, M. Toda, E. Koike, K. Takatu, and H. Yamashita Indications for Bilateral Modified Radical Neck Dissection in Patients With Papillary Carcinoma of the Thyroid Arch Surg, October 1, 2000; 135(10): 1194 - 1198. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 Y. Kitamura, K. Shimizu, S. Tanaka, K. Ito, and M. Emi Association of Allelic Loss on 1q, 4p, 7q, 9p, 9q, and 16q with Postoperative Death in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma Clin. Cancer Res., May 1, 2000; 6(5): 1819 - 1825. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. L. Fenton, Y. Lukes, D. Nicholson, C. A. Dinauer, G. L. Francis, and R. M. Tuttle The ret/PTC Mutations Are Common in Sporadic Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma of Children and Young Adults J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., March 1, 2000; 85(3): 1170 - 1175. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. E. Gardner, R. M. Tuttle, K. D. Burman, S. Haddady, C. Truman, Y. H. Sparling, L. Wartofsky, R. B. Sessions, and M. D. Ringel Prognostic Importance of Vascular Invasion in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg, March 1, 2000; 126(3): 309 - 312. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. R. Haugen, F. Pacini, C. Reiners, M. Schlumberger, P. W. Ladenson, S. I. Sherman, D. S. Cooper, K. E. Graham, L. E. Braverman, M. C. Skarulis, et al. A Comparison of Recombinant Human Thyrotropin and Thyroid Hormone Withdrawal for the Detection of Thyroid Remnant or Cancer J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., November 1, 1999; 84(11): 3877 - 3885. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y. Kitamura, K. Shimizu, M. Nagahama, K. Sugino, O. Ozaki, T. Mimura, K. Ito, K. Ito, and S. Tanaka Immediate Causes of Death in Thyroid Carcinoma: Clinicopathological Analysis of 161 Fatal Cases J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., November 1, 1999; 84(11): 4043 - 4049. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K.-C. Loh, F. S. Greenspan, F. Dong, T. R. Miller, and P. P. B. Yeo Influence of Lymphocytic Thyroiditis on the Prognostic Outcome of Patients with Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., February 1, 1999; 84(2): 458 - 463. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Schlumberger Use of Radioactive Iodine in Patients with Papillary and Follicular Thyroid Cancer: Towards A Selective Approach J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., December 1, 1998; 83(12): 4201 - 4203. [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Yamashita, S. Noguchi, H. Yamashita, N. Murakami, S. Watanabe, S. Uchino, H. Kawamoto, M. Toda, and I. Nakayama Changing Trends and Prognoses for Patients With Papillary Thyroid Cancer Arch Surg, October 1, 1998; 133(10): 1058 - 1065. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. P. Travagli, A. F. Cailleux, M. Ricard, E. Baudin, B. Caillou, C. Parmentier, and M. Schlumberger Combination of Radioiodine (131I) and Probe-Guided Surgery for Persistent or Recurrent Thyroid Carcinoma J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., August 1, 1998; 83(8): 2675 - 2680. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. E. Sanders and B. Cady Differentiated Thyroid Cancer: Reexamination of Risk Groups and Outcome of Treatment Arch Surg, April 1, 1998; 133(4): 419 - 425. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Noguchi, N. Murakami, H. Yamashita, M. Toda, and H. Kawamoto Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma: Modified Radical Neck Dissection Improves Prognosis Arch Surg, March 1, 1998; 133(3): 276 - 280. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. R. Kelemen, A. J. Van Herle, and A. E. Giuliano Sentinel Lymphadenectomy in Thyroid Malignant Neoplasms Arch Surg, March 1, 1998; 133(3): 288 - 292. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. J. Schlumberger Papillary and Follicular Thyroid Carcinoma N. Engl. J. Med., January 29, 1998; 338(5): 297 - 306. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K.-C. Loh, F. S. Greenspan, L. Gee, T. R. Miller, and P. P. B. Yeo Pathological Tumor-Node-Metastasis (pTNM) Staging for Papillary and Follicular Thyroid Carcinomas: A Retrospective Analysis of 700 Patients J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., November 1, 1997; 82(11): 3553 - 3562. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 T. Nishida, K. Nakao, and M. Hamaji DIFFERENTIATED THYROID CARCINOMA WITH AIRWAY INVASION: INDICATION FOR TRACHEAL RESECTION BASED ON THE EXTENT OF CANCER INVASION J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg., July 1, 1997; 114(1): 84 - 92. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Fiumara, A. Belfiore, G. Russo, E. Salomone, G. M. Santonocito, O. Ippolito, R. Vigneri, and P. Gangemi In Situ Evidence of Neoplastic Cell Phagocytosis by Macrophages in Papillary Thyroid Cancer J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., May 1, 1997; 82(5): 1615 - 1620. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. E. Wallis Radiological Case of the Month Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med, April 1, 1997; 151(4): 423 - 424. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. H. Emerson and R. Colzani Epithelial Cell Thyroid Cancer and Thyroid Stimulating Hormone--When Less is More J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., January 1, 1997; 82(1): 9 - 10. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 P. A. Singer, D. S. Cooper, G. H. Daniels, P. W. Ladenson, F. S. Greenspan, E. G. Levy, L. E. Braverman, O. H. Clark, I. R. McDougall, K. V. Ain, et al. Treatment Guidelines for Patients With Thyroid Nodules and Well-Differentiated Thyroid Cancer Arch Intern Med, October 28, 1996; 156(19): 2165 - 2172. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Viswanathan, T. C. Gierlowski, and A. B. Schneider Childhood Thyroid Cancer: Characteristics and Long-term Outcome in Children Irradiated for Benign Conditions of the Head and Neck Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med, March 1, 1994; 148(3): 260 - 265. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. L. Mazzaferri Thyroid Cysts: Does Cancer at Pathology Mean Clinical Cancer?-Reply Arch Intern Med, June 1, 1991; 151(6): 1228 - 1232. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
| Endocrinology | Endocrine Reviews | J. Clin. End. & Metab. |
| Molecular Endocrinology | Recent Prog. Horm. Res. | All Endocrine Journals |
