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Dietary Modification with Dairy Products for Preventing Vertebral Bone Loss in Premenopausal Women: A Three-Year Prospective Study^*

Departments of Medicine (D.B., B.J.), Orthopedics (D.B., A.S., J.G.), Pharmacology (R.L., B.J.), Radiology (A.K.), and Nuclear Medicine (J.R.), University of Massachusetts Medical School Worcester, Massachusetts 01655

Address requests for reprints to: Daniel T. Baran, M.D., Department of Orthopedics, University of Massachusetts Medical Center, 55 Lake Avenue, North Worcester, Massachusetts 01655.

The effect of dietary calcium on vertebral bone mass in women is controversial. In a randomized study we have investigated the effect of dietary modification in the form of dairy products on vertebral bone mass in 30- to 42-yr-old premenopausal women over a 3-yr period. Twenty women increased their dietary calcium intake by an average of 610 mg/day (P < 0.03) for 3 yr, while 17 age- and weight-matched women served as controls. Calcium intake was monitored by 3-day diet histories and 24-h urinary calcium excretion. The consumption of the dairy products did not alter serum calcium or PTH levels or the fasting urinary calcium to creatinine ratio. Twenty-four-hour urinary calcium excretion increased by 28% (P < 0.03) in the supplemented women. Dairy product intake was accompanied by increased dietary fat intake, but there were no statistically significant changes in serum cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, or high density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. The vertebral bone density in the women consuming increased calcium did not change over the 3-yr period (–0.4 ± 0.9%). In contrast, the vertebral bone density in the control women declined (–2.9 ± 0.8%; P < 0.001) and was significantly lower than that in the supplemented group at 30 and 36 months. The study suggests that dietary modification in the form of dairy products retards vertebral bone loss in premenopausal women. Therefore, increased calcium intake in estrogen-replete premenopausal women may prevent age-related bone loss.

^* An abstract of this work has been presented at the ASCI National Meeting in Washington, D.C., on April 30, 1989. This work was supported in part by a research grant from the National Dairy Board (Arlington, VA) and was administered in cooperation with the National Dairy Council (Rosemont, IL).

Received June 8, 1989.

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