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,
W. S. EVANS,
R. M. BLIZZARD,
J. D. VELDHUIS,
G. R. MERRIAM,
E. SAMOJLIK,
R. FURLANETTO,
A. D ROGOL,
D. L. KAISER and
M. O. THORNER
Departments of Internal Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine Charbttesville, Virginia 22908
Departments of Pediatrics, University of Virginia School of Medicine Charbttesville, Virginia 22908
Departments of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine Charbttesville, Virginia 22908
Developmental Endocrinology Branch, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health Bethesda, Maryland 20205
Childrens Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
Newark Beth Israel Medical Center Newark, New Jersey 07112
Address all correspondence and requests for reprints to: Dr. Michael O. Thorner, Box 511, University Hospital, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908.
We undertook a study of the separate and combined effects of age and sex on the pulsatile pattern of GH secretion. The 24-h secretory profile of GH was generated by 20-min sampling in 10 young women (aged 18–33 yr), 10 young men (aged 18–33 yr), 8 postmenopausal women (aged >55 yr), and 8 older men (aged >55 yr). A computer-assisted pulse analysis program was used to assess both total GH secretion, as reflected in the 24-h integrated GH concentration (IGHC), and pulsatile secretion, as denoted by pulse frequency, duration, amplitude, and the fraction of GH secreted in pulses during the 24-h period (FGHP).
IGHC was significantly greater in women than in men (P < 0.025) and greater in the young than in the old (P < 0.003). The mean pulse amplitude, duration, and FGHP were each greater in the young (P < 0.006, P < 0.03, and P < 0.0001, respectively), but not significantly different between the sexes. The mean pulse frequency was not affected by sex or age. The serum concentration of free estradiol, but not free testosterone, correlated with IGHC (r = 0.46; P < 0.005), pulse amplitude (r = 0.53; P < 0.001), and FGHP (r = 0.59; P < 0.0002). After correcting for the effects of estradiol, neither sex nor age influenced IGHC or mean pulse amplitude, while the effect of age on FGHP was reduced from 81% to 29%. Of the indices of GH secretion, FGHP had the strongest correlation (r = 0.43; P < 0.006) with somatomedin-C. Somatomedin-C declined significantly with age in both sexes.
Our results indicate that sex and age have independent and interrelated effects on GH secretion. These effects can be largely accounted for by corresponding variations in endogenous estra-diol levels. These observations suggest an amplifying action of estradiol on the neuroendocrine regulation of pulsatile GH release.
* This work was supported by USPHS Grants RR-00847, AM-32632, and HD-13197 (to M.O.T.), HD-00439 (to W.S.E.), Research Career Development Award 1K04-HD-00634 (to J.D.V.), and AG-04303-02 (to R.M.B.).
Supported by a grant from the Medical Foundation, University of Sydney, and the Royal Australasian College of Physicians.
Received May 1, 1986.
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J. A. Gusenoff, S. M. Harman, J. D. Veldhuis, J. J. Jayme, C. St. Clair, T. Munzer, C. Christmas, K. G. O'Connor, T. E. Stevens, M. F. Bellantoni, et al. Cortisol and GH secretory dynamics, and their interrelationships, in healthy aged women and men Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, April 1, 2001; 280(4): E616 - E625. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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M. G. Murphy, S. Weiss, M. McClung, T. Schnitzer, K. Cerchio, J. Connor, D. Krupa, and B. J. Gertz Effect of Alendronate and MK-677 (a Growth Hormone Secretagogue), Individually and in Combination, on Markers of Bone Turnover and Bone Mineral Density in Postmenopausal Osteoporotic Women J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., March 1, 2001; 86(3): 1116 - 1125. [Abstract] [Full Text] |
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E. V. Dimaraki, C. A. Jaffe, R. Demott-Friberg, M. Russell-Aulet, C. Y. Bowers, P. Marbach, and A. L. Barkan Generation of growth hormone pulsatility in women: evidence against somatostatin withdrawal as pulse initiator Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, March 1, 2001; 280(3): E489 - E495. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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S. M. Anderson, N. Shah, W. S. Evans, J. T. Patrie, C. Y. Bowers, and J. D. Veldhuis Short-Term Estradiol Supplementation Augments Growth Hormone (GH) Secretory Responsiveness to Dose-Varying GH-Releasing Peptide Infusions in Healthy Postmenopausal Women J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., February 1, 2001; 86(2): 551 - 560. [Abstract] [Full Text] |
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M. Russell-Aulet, E. V. Dimaraki, C. A. Jaffe, R. DeMott-Friberg, and A. L. Barkan Aging-Related Growth Hormone (GH) Decrease Is a Selective Hypothalamic GH-Releasing Hormone Pulse Amplitude Mediated Phenomenon J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci., January 1, 2001; 56(2): 124M - 129. [Abstract] [Full Text] |
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P. Sytze van Dam, H. E. C. Smid, W. R. de Vries, M. Niesink, E. Bolscher, E. J. Waasdorp, C. Dieguez, F. F. Casanueva, and H. P. F. Koppeschaar Reduction of Free Fatty Acids By Acipimox Enhances the Growth Hormone (GH) Responses to GH-Releasing Peptide 2 in Elderly Men J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., December 1, 2000; 85(12): 4706 - 4711. [Abstract] [Full Text] |
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J.-L. Liu, S. Yakar, and D. LeRoith Mice Deficient in Liver Production of Insulin-Like Growth Factor I Display Sexual Dimorphism in Growth Hormone-Stimulated Postnatal Growth Endocrinology, December 1, 2000; 141(12): 4436 - 4441. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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R. Dall, S. Longobardi, C. Ehrnborg, N. Keay, T. Rosén, J. O. L. Jørgensen, R. C. Cuneo, M. A. Boroujerdi, A. Cittadini, R. Napoli, et al. The Effect of Four Weeks of Supraphysiological Growth Hormone Administration on the Insulin-Like Growth Factor Axis in Women and Men J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., November 1, 2000; 85(11): 4193 - 4200. [Abstract] [Full Text] |
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E. Van Cauter, R. Leproult, and L. Plat Age-Related Changes in Slow Wave Sleep and REM Sleep and Relationship With Growth Hormone and Cortisol Levels in Healthy Men JAMA, August 16, 2000; 284(7): 861 - 868. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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A. D Rogol, P. A Clark, and J. N Roemmich Growth and pubertal development in children and adolescents: effects of diet and physical activity Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, August 1, 2000; 72(2): 521S - 528. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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M. Maccario, G. Aimaretti, G. Corneli, C. Gauna, S. Grottoli, M. Bidlingmaier, C. J. Strasburger, C. Dieguez, F. F. Casanueva, and E. Ghigo Short-term fasting abolishes the sex-related difference in GH and leptin secretion in humans Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, August 1, 2000; 279(2): E411 - E416. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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I. Janssen, S. B. Heymsfield, Z. Wang, and R. Ross Skeletal muscle mass and distribution in 468 men and women aged 18-88 yr J Appl Physiol, July 1, 2000; 89(1): 81 - 88. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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O. Vidal, M. K. Lindberg, K. Hollberg, D. J. Baylink, G. Andersson, D. B. Lubahn, S. Mohan, J.-A. Gustafsson, and C. Ohlsson Estrogen receptor specificity in the regulation of skeletal growth and maturation in male mice PNAS, May 9, 2000; 97(10): 5474 - 5479. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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B.-A. Bengtsson and G. Johannsson The Treatment of Growth Hormone Deficiency in Adults J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., March 1, 2000; 85(3): 933 - 937. [Full Text] |
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J. P. T. Span, G. F. F. M. Pieters, C. G. J. Sweep, A. R. M. M. Hermus, and A. G. H. Smals Gender Difference in Insulin-Like Growth Factor I Response to Growth Hormone (GH) Treatment in GH-Deficient Adults: Role of Sex Hormone Replacement J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., March 1, 2000; 85(3): 1121 - 1125. [Abstract] [Full Text] |
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M. R. DRANGE, N. R. FRAM, V. HERMAN-BONERT, and S. MELMED Pituitary Tumor Registry: A Novel Clinical Resource J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., January 1, 2000; 85(1): 168 - 174. [Abstract] [Full Text] |
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G. Van den Berghe, R. C. Baxter, F. Weekers, P. Wouters, C. Y. Bowers, and J. D. Veldhuis A Paradoxical Gender Dissociation within the Growth Hormone/Insulin-Like Growth Factor I Axis during Protracted Critical Illness J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., January 1, 2000; 85(1): 183 - 192. [Abstract] [Full Text] |
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B.-A. Bengtsson, R. Abs, H. Bennmarker, J. P. Monson, U. Feldt-Rasmussen, E. Hernberg-Ståhl, B. Westberg, P. Wilton, and C. Wüster The Effects of Treatment and the Individual Responsiveness to Growth Hormone (GH) Replacement Therapy in 665 GH-Deficient Adults J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., November 1, 1999; 84(11): 3929 - 3935. [Abstract] [Full Text] |
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D. M. Cook, W. H. Ludlam, and M. B. Cook Route of Estrogen Administration Helps to Determine Growth Hormone (GH) Replacement Dose in GH-Deficient Adults J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., November 1, 1999; 84(11): 3956 - 3960. [Abstract] [Full Text] |
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M. Russell-Aulet, C. A. Jaffe, R. DeMott-Friberg, and A. L. Barkan In Vivo Semiquantification of Hypothalamic Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone (GHRH) Output in Humans: Evidence for Relative GHRH Deficiency in Aging J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., October 1, 1999; 84(10): 3490 - 3497. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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J. R. Center, T. V. Nguyen, P. N. Sambrook, and J. A. Eisman Hormonal and Biochemical Parameters in the Determination of Osteoporosis in Elderly Men J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., October 1, 1999; 84(10): 3626 - 3635. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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D. K. Reed, A. I. Korytko, R. W. Hipkin, W. B. Wehrenberg, A. Schonbrunn, and L. Cuttler Pituitary Somatostatin Receptor (sst)1-5 Expression during Rat Development: Age-Dependent Expression of sst2 Endocrinology, October 1, 1999; 140(10): 4739 - 4744. [Abstract] [Full Text] |
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E. C. Walvoord and O. H. Pescovitz Combined Use of Growth Hormone and Gonadotropin-releasing Hormone Analogues in Precocious Puberty: Theoretic and Practical Considerations Pediatrics, October 1, 1999; 104(4): 1010 - 1014. [Abstract] [Full Text] |
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L. Wideman, J. Y. Weltman, N. Shah, S. Story, J. D. Veldhuis, and A. Weltman Effects of gender on exercise-induced growth hormone release J Appl Physiol, September 1, 1999; 87(3): 1154 - 1162. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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P. C. Hindmarsh, E. Dennison, S. M. Pincus, C. Cooper, C. H. D. Fall, D. R. Matthews, P. J. Pringle, and C. G. D. Brook A Sexually Dimorphic Pattern of Growth Hormone Secretion in the Elderly J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., August 1, 1999; 84(8): 2679 - 2685. [Abstract] [Full Text] |
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N. Shah, J. Aloi, W. S. Evans, and J. D. Veldhuis Time Mode of Growth Hormone (GH) Entry into the Bloodstream and Steady-State Plasma GH Concentrations, Rather Than Sex, Estradiol, or Menstrual Cycle Stage, Primarily Determine the GH Elimination Rate in Healthy Young Women and Men J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., August 1, 1999; 84(8): 2862 - 2869. [Abstract] [Full Text] |
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C. J. Rosen Serum Insulin-like Growth Factors and Insulin-like Growth Factor-binding Proteins: Clinical Implications Clin. Chem., August 1, 1999; 45(8): 1384 - 1390. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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A. G. Johansson, B. E. Engström, S. Ljunghall, F. A. Karlsson, and P. Burman Gender Differences in the Effects of Long Term Growth Hormone (GH) Treatment on Bone in Adults with GH Deficiency J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., June 1, 1999; 84(6): 2002 - 2007. [Abstract] [Full Text] |
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E. Ghigo, G. Aimaretti, M. Maccario, G. Fanciulli, E. Arvat, F. Minuto, G. Giordano, G. Delitala, and F. Camanni Dose-response study of GH effects on circulating IGF-I and IGFBP-3 levels in healthy young men and women Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, June 1, 1999; 276(6): E1009 - E1013. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
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