This Article Full Text (PDF) Submit a related Letter to the Editor Alert me when this article is cited Alert me when eLetters are posted Alert me if a correction is posted Citation Map Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Request Copyright Permission Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by HOLLISt, B. W. Articles by PITTARD, W. B. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by HOLLISt, B. W. Articles by PITTARD, W. B., III

Evaluation of the Total Fetomaternal Vitamin D Relationships at Term: Evidence for Racial Differences^*

BRUCE W. HOLLISt and WILLIAM B. PITTARD, III

Departments of Nutrition and Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University Cleveland, Ohio 44106

Address correspondence and requests for reprints to: Dr. B. W. Hollis, Department of Nutrition, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106.

The present study assessed the total fetomaternal vitamin D relationship at term in 12 white and 10 black mothers and their infants. Antirachitic sterols were extracted from plasma, chromatographed, and finally quantitated using competitive protein binding assays. Compounds quantitated included vitamins D₂ and D₃) 25-hydroxyvitamin D₂, 25-hydroxyvitamin D₃, 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D₂) 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D₃, 25,26-dihydroxyvitamin D₃) 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D₂, and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D₃. There was a strong correlation between maternal and neonatal plasma concentrations of all antirachitic sterols measured with the exception of vitamins D₂ and D₃. Vitamins D₂ and D₃, although detectable in maternal plasma, were undetectable in neonatal plasma. Racial comparisons demonstrated that vitamin D₃, 25-hydroxyvitamin D₃, 24,25-hydroxyvitamin D₃, and 25,26-(OH)₂-D₃ were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in white than in black mothers. Total 25-hydroxyvitamin D and 24,25-hydroxyvitamin D were also significantly (P < 0.05) higher in white than in black mothers. A similar pattern was found in black and white infants except for 25,26-(OH)2-D₃. Black mothers and their infants had significantly (P < 0.05) higher 1,25-hydroxyvitamin D₃ compared to the white subjects, although total 1,25-hydroxyvitamin D was not different between races. No significant racial (P > 0.05) differences were found for any of the vitamin D₂ compounds. The results support the concept that fetomaternal vitamin D status are intimately related. Further, they strongly suggest that fetal metabolism begins with 25-hydroxyvitamin D rather than vitamin D. Finally, racial factors appear to influence the overall vitamin D status of both mother and fetus, and may influence antirachitic sterol metabolism.

^* This research was supported by NIH Grant HD-16510.

Recipient of Research Career Development Award HD-000479.

Received December 15, 1983.

This article has been cited by other articles:

				C. L. Wagner, F. R. Greer, and and the Section on Breastfeeding and Committee on Prevention of Rickets and Vitamin D Deficiency in Infants, Children, and Adolescents Pediatrics, November 1, 2008; 122(5): 1142 - 1152. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				B. W Hollis Measuring 25-hydroxyvitamin D in a clinical environment: challenges and needs Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, August 1, 2008; 88(2): 507S - 510S. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. S Kovacs Vitamin D in pregnancy and lactation: maternal, fetal, and neonatal outcomes from human and animal studies Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, August 1, 2008; 88(2): 520S - 528S. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				L. M. Bodnar, J. M. Catov, J. M. Roberts, and H. N. Simhan Prepregnancy Obesity Predicts Poor Vitamin D Status in Mothers and Their Neonates J. Nutr., November 1, 2007; 137(11): 2437 - 2442. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				L. M. Bodnar, J. M. Catov, H. N. Simhan, M. F. Holick, R. W. Powers, and J. M. Roberts Maternal Vitamin D Deficiency Increases the Risk of Preeclampsia J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., September 1, 2007; 92(9): 3517 - 3522. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. Dawodu and C. L Wagner Mother-child vitamin D deficiency: an international perspective Arch. Dis. Child., September 1, 2007; 92(9): 737 - 740. [Full Text] [PDF]

				L. M. Bodnar, H. N. Simhan, R. W. Powers, M. P. Frank, E. Cooperstein, and J. M. Roberts High Prevalence of Vitamin D Insufficiency in Black and White Pregnant Women Residing in the Northern United States and Their Neonates J. Nutr., February 1, 2007; 137(2): 447 - 452. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. M. Lee, J. R. Smith, B. L. Philipp, T. C. Chen, J. Mathieu, and M. F. Holick Vitamin D Deficiency in a Healthy Group of Mothers and Newborn Infants Clinical Pediatrics, January 1, 2007; 46(1): 42 - 44. [Abstract] [PDF]

				C. S. Kovacs, M. L. Woodland, N. J. Fudge, and J. K. Friel The vitamin D receptor is not required for fetal mineral homeostasis or for the regulation of placental calcium transfer in mice Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, July 1, 2005; 289(1): E133 - E144. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				B. W Hollis and C. L Wagner Vitamin D requirements during lactation: high-dose maternal supplementation as therapy to prevent hypovitaminosis D for both the mother and the nursing infant Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, December 1, 2004; 80(6): 1752S - 1758S. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				B. W Hollis and C. L Wagner Assessment of dietary vitamin D requirements during pregnancy and lactation Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, May 1, 2004; 79(5): 717 - 726. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. Thierry-Palmer, A. Doherty, M. A. Bayorh, and K. Griffin Dahl Salt-Sensitive Rats Excrete 25-Hydroxyvitamin D into Urine J. Nutr., January 1, 2003; 133(1): 187 - 190. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. Nesby-O'Dell, K. S Scanlon, M. E Cogswell, C. Gillespie, B. W Hollis, A. C Looker, C. Allen, C. Doughertly, E. W Gunter, and B. A Bowman Hypovitaminosis D prevalence and determinants among African American and white women of reproductive age: third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1994 Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, July 1, 2002; 76(1): 187 - 192. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				B. Waiters, J. C. Godel, and T. K. Basu Perinatal Vitamin D and Calcium Status of Northern Canadian Mothers and Their Newborn Infants J. Am. Coll. Nutr., April 1, 1998; 18(2): 122 - 126. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. S. Kovacs and H. M. Kronenberg Maternal-Fetal Calcium and Bone Metabolism During Pregnancy, Puerperium, and Lactation Endocr. Rev., December 1, 1997; 18(6): 832 - 872. [Abstract] [Full Text]

				C. S. Kovacs, B. Lanske, J. L. Hunzelman, J. Guo, A. C. Karaplis, and H. M. Kronenberg Parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTHrP) regulates fetal-placental calcium transport through a receptor distinct from the PTH/PTHrP receptor PNAS, December 24, 1996; 93(26): 15233 - 15238. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				W. B. Pittard III, K. M. Geddes, T. C Hulsey, and B. W. Hollis How Much Vitamin D for Neonates? Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med, October 1, 1991; 145(10): 1147 - 1149. [Abstract] [PDF]

				W. B. Pittard III, K. M. Geddes, S. E. Sutherland, M. C. Miller, and B. W. Hollis Longitudinal Changes in the Bone Mineral Content of Term and Premature Infants Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med, January 1, 1990; 144(1): 36 - 40. [Abstract] [PDF]

				F. Mimouni, V. A. Neumann, R. C. Tsang, and B. W. Hollis Vitamin D2 Therapy of Pseudohypoparathyroidism: Assessment of Non-compliance Clinical Pediatrics, January 1, 1986; 25(1): 49 - 52. [Abstract] [PDF]