| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, Vol 51, 1150-1157, Copyright © 1980 by Endocrine Society
ARTICLES |
MP Warren
To determine whether a significant energy drain during adolescence had a significant effect on puberty and normal reproductive function, 15 ballet dancers, aged 13--15 yr, who maintained a high level of physical activity from early adolescence were followed for 4.0 yr. Menarche was remarkably delayed in this group, occurring at a mean of 15.4 yr, significantly different (P < 0.01) from normal controls (12.5 yr) and normal music students (12.6 yr). In 2 dancers aged 18 yr, primary amenorrhea has persisted. While premenarchial, all of the dancers had varying breast development (Tanner stages 2--4) and low to low normal gonadotropin levels, normal PRL and T4 levels, and normal skull x-rays. The dancers' mean body weight and calculated body fat were significantly less than in controls (P < 0.05). The progression of sexual development and the onset of menarche correlated in 10 or 15 subjects with a decrease in exercise and/or injury causing forced rest of at least 2-month duration. During this interval, weight gain was minimal or absent, with no significant change in body composition. A significant dichotomy in the order of pubertal development was also noted; while breast development and menarche were delayed, pubic hair development was not affected. Reversion to the amenorrheic state occurred in 11 of 13 patients with a return to exercise without a change in weight. In conclusion, energy drain may have an important modulatory effect on the hypothalamic pituitary set point at puberty and, in combination with low body weight, may prolong the prepubertal state and induce amenorrhea.
This article has been cited by other articles:
 |
|
 |
|
  M. P. WARREN and A. T. CHUA Exercise-Induced Amenorrhea and Bone Health in the Adolescent Athlete Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci., June 1, 2008; 1135(1): 244 - 252. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 N. M. DiMarco, L. Dart, and C. Sanborn Modified activity-stress paradigm in an animal model of the female athlete triad J Appl Physiol, November 1, 2007; 103(5): 1469 - 1478. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. Z. Kasa-Vubu, A. Rosenthal, E. G. Murdock, and K. B. Welch Impact of Fatness, Fitness, and Ethnicity on the Relationship of Nocturnal Ghrelin to 24-Hour Luteinizing Hormone Concentrations in Adolescent Girls J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., August 1, 2007; 92(8): 3246 - 3252. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. N. Morris, S. A. Missmer, D. W. Cramer, R. D. Powers, P. M. McShane, and M. D. Hornstein Effects of Lifetime Exercise on the Outcome of In Vitro Fertilization. Obstet. Gynecol., October 1, 2006; 108(4): 938 - 945. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. F. Nichols, M. J. Rauh, M. J. Lawson, M. Ji, and H.-S. Barkai Prevalence of the Female Athlete Triad Syndrome Among High School Athletes Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med, February 1, 2006; 160(2): 137 - 142. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. E. Lujan, A. A. Krzemien, R. L. Reid, and D. A. Van Vugt Developing a Model of Nutritional Amenorrhea in Rhesus Monkeys Endocrinology, January 1, 2006; 147(1): 483 - 492. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 L. Bernstein, A. V. Patel, G. Ursin, J. Sullivan-Halley, M. F. Press, D. Deapen, J. A. Berlin, J. R. Daling, J. A. McDonald, S. A. Norman, et al. Lifetime Recreational Exercise Activity and Breast Cancer Risk Among Black Women and White Women J Natl Cancer Inst, November 16, 2005; 97(22): 1671 - 1679. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Theodoropoulou, K. B. Markou, G. A. Vagenakis, D. Benardot, M. Leglise, G. Kourounis, A. G. Vagenakis, and N. A. Georgopoulos Delayed but Normally Progressed Puberty Is More Pronounced in Artistic Compared with Rhythmic Elite Gymnasts Due to the Intensity of Training J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., November 1, 2005; 90(11): 6022 - 6027. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Endocrinology & Metabolism News, June 2005 J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., June 1, 2005; 90(6): 16a - 16a. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 G. N. Wade and J. E. Jones Neuroendocrinology of nutritional infertility Am J Physiol Regulatory Integrative Comp Physiol, December 1, 2004; 287(6): R1277 - R1296. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. J. De Souza and N. I. Williams Physiological aspects and clinical sequelae of energy deficiency and hypoestrogenism in exercising women Hum. Reprod. Update, September 1, 2004; 10(5): 433 - 448. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 P Klentrou and M Plyley Onset of puberty, menstrual frequency, and body fat in elite rhythmic gymnasts compared with normal controls Br. J. Sports Med., December 1, 2003; 37(6): 490 - 494. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 P. K. Dhillon and V. L. Holt Recreational Physical Activity and Endometrioma Risk Am. J. Epidemiol., July 15, 2003; 158(2): 156 - 164. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. B. Loucks and J. R. Thuma Luteinizing Hormone Pulsatility Is Disrupted at a Threshold of Energy Availability in Regularly Menstruating Women J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., January 1, 2003; 88(1): 297 - 311. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. A. Georgopoulos, K. B. Markou, A. Theodoropoulou, D. Benardot, M. Leglise, and A. G. Vagenakis Growth Retardation in Artistic Compared with Rhythmic Elite Female Gymnasts J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., July 1, 2002; 87(7): 3169 - 3173. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. A. Georgopoulos, K. B. Markou, A. Theodoropoulou, G. A. Vagenakis, D. Benardot, M. Leglise, J. C. A. Dimopoulos, and A. G. Vagenakis Height Velocity and Skeletal Maturation in Elite Female Rhythmic Gymnasts J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., November 1, 2001; 86(11): 5159 - 5164. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. I. Williams, D. L. Helmreich, D. B. Parfitt, A. Caston-Balderrama, and J. L. Cameron Evidence for a Causal Role of Low Energy Availability in the Induction of Menstrual Cycle Disturbances during Strenuous Exercise Training J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., November 1, 2001; 86(11): 5184 - 5193. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R Ramsay and R Wolman Are synchronised swimmers at risk of amenorrhoea? Br. J. Sports Med., August 1, 2001; 35(4): 242 - 244. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 Committee on Sports Medicine and Fitness Medical Concerns in the Female Athlete Pediatrics, September 1, 2000; 106(3): 610 - 613. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. D Rogol, P. A Clark, and J. N Roemmich Growth and pubertal development in children and adolescents: effects of diet and physical activity Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, August 1, 2000; 72(2): 521S - 528. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Growth and Pubertal Development in Elite Female Rhythmic Gymnasts J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., December 1, 1999; 84(12): 4525 - 4530. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. P. Warren Health Issues for Women Athletes: Exercise- Induced Amenorrhea J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., June 1, 1999; 84(6): 1892 - 1896. [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. B. Seminara, F. J. Hayes, and W. F. Crowley Jr. Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Deficiency in the Human (Idiopathic Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism and Kallmann's Syndrome): Pathophysiological and Genetic Considerations Endocr. Rev., October 1, 1998; 19(5): 521 - 539. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. A. Laughlin, C. E. Dominguez, and S. S. C. Yen Nutritional and Endocrine-Metabolic Aberrations in Women with Functional Hypothalamic Amenorrhea J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., January 1, 1998; 83(1): 25 - 32. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Alvero, L. Kimzey, N. Sebring, J. Reynolds, M. Loughran, L. Nieman, and B. R. Olson Effects of Fasting on Neuroendocrine Function and Follicle Development in Lean Women J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., January 1, 1998; 83(1): 76 - 80. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 I. Thune, T. Brenn, E. Lund, and M. Gaard Physical Activity and the Risk of Breast Cancer N. Engl. J. Med., May 1, 1997; 336(18): 1269 - 1275. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Johannesson, C. Gottlieb, and L. Hjelte Delayed Puberty in Girls With Cystic Fibrosis Despite Good Clinical Status Pediatrics, January 1, 1997; 99(1): 29 - 34. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 K. L. Bennell, S. A. Malcolm, S. A. Thomas, S. J. Reid, P. D. Brukner, P. R. Ebeling, and J. D. Wark Risk Factors for Stress Fractures in Track and Field Athletes: A Twelve-Month Prospective Study Am. J. Sports Med., December 1, 1996; 24(6): 810 - 818. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 B. R. Carruth and D. L. Goldberg Nutritional Issues of Adolescents: Athletics and the Body Image Mania The Journal of Early Adolescence, May 1, 1990; 10(2): 122 - 140. [Abstract]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. Schneider and G. Wade Availability of metabolic fuels controls estrous cyclicity of Syrian hamsters Science, June 16, 1989; 244(4910): 1326 - 1328. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. W. Barrow and S. Saha Menstrual irregularity and stress fractures in collegiate female distance runners Am. J. Sports Med., June 1, 1988; 16(3): 209 - 216. [Abstract] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Brooks-Gunn The Psychological Significance of Different Pubertal Events to Young Girls The Journal of Early Adolescence, December 1, 1984; 4(4): 315 - 327. [Abstract]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Frisch Malnutrition and fertility Science, March 5, 1982; 215(4537): 1272 - 1274. [PDF]
|
|
| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
| Endocrinology | Endocrine Reviews | J. Clin. End. & Metab. |
| Molecular Endocrinology | Recent Prog. Horm. Res. | All Endocrine Journals |
